Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Baltimore classification system for viruses?

Accepted Answer

It groups viruses according to the relationship between their genome and messenger RNA ($$mRNA).$$

Question 2

A virus with a double-stranded DNA genome that replicates using a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase would most likely belong to which Baltimore group?

Accepted Answer

Group I

Question 3

Which of the following statements about viral envelopes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Viral envelopes are typically acquired by budding through a host membrane and may contain viral glycoproteins.

Question 4

A patient presents with cold sores that recur periodically. Which type of viral infection does this scenario best illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Latent infection

Question 5

Which of the following is a unique feature of retroviruses compared to other RNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

They use a DNA intermediate during replication, employing reverse transcriptase.

Question 6

During the multiplication of bacteriophages, which step involves the injection of only the viral nucleic acid into the host cell, leaving the capsid outside?

Accepted Answer

Penetration

Question 7

Which of the following best distinguishes viroids from virusoids?

Accepted Answer

Viroids do not require a helper virus, while virusoids do.

Question 8

A laboratory is using phage typing to identify a bacterial pathogen. Which property of bacteriophages makes this method effective?

Accepted Answer

Each phage is highly specific for a particular bacterium.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in the multiplication of animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

Adsorption → Penetration → Uncoating → Replication → Assembly → Release

Question 10

Which of the following viruses is a DNA virus known to cause warts and is possibly associated with cervical carcinomas?

Accepted Answer

Papillomavirus

Question 11

A virus is observed to have a helical capsid and an envelope. Which of the following viruses fits this description?

Accepted Answer

Influenza virus

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding prions?

Accepted Answer

They are infectious proteins that lack nucleic acid and cause diseases such as mad cow disease.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of the viral capsid?

Accepted Answer

It protects the viral nucleic acid and determines the virus's morphology.

Question 14

A patient is diagnosed with hepatitis B. Which virus family is responsible for this infection, and what is a unique feature of its genome?

Accepted Answer

Hepadnaviridae; partially double-stranded DNA genome

Question 15

Which of the following is a cytopathic effect that may be observed in cells infected by viruses?

Accepted Answer

Altered cell shape, detachment from tissue surface, and inclusion body formation

Question 16

Which of the following viruses is an RNA virus that is the causative agent of rabies?

Accepted Answer

Rhabdovirus

Question 17

A virus is found to have a genome consisting of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA. According to the Baltimore classification, which group does it belong to?

Accepted Answer

Group IV

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why animal cells lacking specific viral receptors are resistant to infection by that virus?

Accepted Answer

The virus cannot attach to the cell surface and initiate infection.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the genome types found in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viral genomes can be linear or circular, and may be single- or double-stranded DNA or RNA.

Question 20

A child is hospitalized with severe diarrhea. Laboratory tests identify the causative agent as a member of the Reoviridae family. Which virus is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Rotavirus

Viruses: Structure, Classification, Multiplication, and Subviral Agents

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