Q: Which of the following is a structural feature unique to prions compared to normal cellular proteins?

Prions have $$eta-$$pleated sheets, while normal proteins have $$ ext{alpha}-$$helices.

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the genetic material found in viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses may contain either DNA or RNA, but never both in the same virion.

Question 2

During the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage, which stage immediately follows 'Synthesis'?

Accepted Answer

Assembly

Question 3

A temperate bacteriophage integrates its genome into the host's chromosome and remains inactive. What is this integrated viral DNA called?

Accepted Answer

Prophage

Question 4

Which of the following is a key difference between the extracellular and intracellular states of a virus?

Accepted Answer

The extracellular state contains a capsid, while the intracellular state does not.

Question 5

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT a mode of entry for animal viruses into host cells?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Question 6

Why do RNA viruses tend to mutate more frequently than DNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

RNA viruses lack adequate proofreading mechanisms during replication.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of lysogenic conversion?

Accepted Answer

A bacterium acquires new traits due to genes carried by a prophage.

Question 8

Which viral genome type can act directly as mRNA upon infection of a host cell?

Accepted Answer

Positive-sense single-stranded RNA ($$+ssRNA)$$

Question 9

Enveloped animal viruses are typically released from host cells by which process?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Question 10

Which of the following is a structural feature unique to prions compared to normal cellular proteins?

Accepted Answer

Prions have $$eta-$$pleated sheets, while normal proteins have $$	ext{alpha}-$$helices.

Question 11

A virus that infects both plant and animal cells is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Generalist

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of viroids?

Accepted Answer

They code for proteins that degrade plant RNA.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered acellular?

Accepted Answer

They lack a cytoplasmic membrane, cytosol, and organelles.

Question 14

Which of the following is a common virulence factor shared by both viruses and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to specific host cell receptors.

Question 15

Which of the following viral shapes is NOT one of the three basic types?

Accepted Answer

Spherical

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the replication of animal viruses is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA viruses often enter the nucleus for replication.

Question 17

A persistent viral infection in animal cells is most likely associated with which viral release mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Budding

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of viral envelope glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate recognition and attachment to host cell receptors.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of viral latency in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

The viral genome may be permanently incorporated into the host DNA.

Question 20

Which equation best represents the exponential increase in viral particles during the lytic cycle, assuming each infected cell produces $$N$$ new virions and $$k$$ cycles occur?

Accepted Answer

$$V = N^k$$

Viruses: Structure, Replication, and Pathogenicity

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