Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a virion?

Accepted Answer

A virion is a complete, fully developed, infectious viral particle composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a protein coat outside a host cell.

Question 2

Which of the following features distinguishes viruses from living cells?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack ribosomes and an ATP-generating mechanism.

Question 3

A scientist discovers a virus with a segmented, double-stranded RNA genome and an icosahedral capsid. According to the classification in the study materials, to which group does this virus most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Reoviruses

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why most viruses infect only specific types of cells in one host?

Accepted Answer

Viral attachment sites must match specific receptor sites on the host cell surface.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in the multiplication of animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

Attachment, entry, uncoating, biosynthesis, maturation, release

Question 6

A patient is diagnosed with a persistent viral infection. Which of the following best describes this type of infection?

Accepted Answer

The infection occurs gradually over a long period and is typically fatal.

Question 7

Which of the following is a real-world example of a zoonosis?

Accepted Answer

Avian influenza virus infecting humans

Question 8

Which of the following best describes antigenic drift in RNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of mutations over time, resulting in minor genetic variations

Question 9

A virus is observed to have a helical capsid and is known to cause rabies. Which of the following best describes its structure?

Accepted Answer

The viral nucleic acid is found within a hollow, cylindrical capsid with a helical structure.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the spikes found on some viruses?

Accepted Answer

They allow the virus to attach to and enter host cells.

Question 11

A virus is found to have a lipid envelope derived from the host cell membrane. Which of the following is true about this virus?

Accepted Answer

It is an enveloped virus and releases new virions by budding.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the genetic material of all viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses contain either DNA or RNA, but never both.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of a prion?

Accepted Answer

A prion is a proteinaceous infectious particle that can be inherited or transmitted by ingestion, transplant, or surgical instruments.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a complex virus structure?

Accepted Answer

A bacteriophage with a head, tail sheath, tail fibers, baseplate, and pin

Question 15

A patient receives a corneal transplant and later develops Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Which type of infectious agent is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

A prion

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why RNA viruses are more likely to undergo antigenic shift than DNA viruses?

Accepted Answer

RNA viruses can have segmented genomes that allow reassortment of genetic material from different viruses.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of mechanical transmission of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A fly carrying a viral pathogen on its legs and transmitting it to food.

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the exponential increase in the number of virions produced during viral replication in a host cell?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^n$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between latent and persistent viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Latent infections remain dormant and can reactivate, while persistent infections involve continuous production of virus over time.

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Structure, Classification, and Pathogenicity

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