$$ \text{RNA} \xrightarrow{\text{reverse transcriptase}} \text{DNA} $$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes why viruses are considered obligate intracellular parasites?

Accepted Answer

They require a living host cell to carry out metabolic processes and reproduce.

Question 2

A virus infects only certain types of cells within a host. Which factor is most responsible for determining the host range of a virus?

Accepted Answer

The host cell's attachment sites and cellular factors.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the structure of a virion?

Accepted Answer

A complete viral particle consisting of nucleic acid and a protein coat, sometimes with an envelope.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the conversion of viral RNA to DNA by retroviruses?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{RNA} \xrightarrow{	ext{reverse transcriptase}} 	ext{DNA} $$

Question 5

Which of the following viruses is associated with the development of cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 6

During the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage, what is the correct sequence of events after attachment?

Accepted Answer

Penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, release

Question 7

A scientist is using embryonated eggs to grow animal viruses. Which outcome would indicate successful viral growth?

Accepted Answer

Visible lesions or embryo death occur.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the viral capsid?

Accepted Answer

Generating ATP for viral replication

Question 9

A patient presents with cold sores that recur during periods of stress. Which virus is most likely responsible, and what is the mechanism?

Accepted Answer

HHV-1; latent infection reactivated when immunity decreases

Question 10

Which of the following best describes prions?

Accepted Answer

Infectious protein particles lacking nucleic acid

Question 11

Which of the following is a plausible mechanism for the spread of prion diseases?

Accepted Answer

Contaminated surgical instruments

Question 12

Which equation best represents the integration of viral DNA into the host genome during lysogeny?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Viral DNA} + 	ext{Host DNA} ightarrow 	ext{Prophage} $$

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of persistent viral infections?

Accepted Answer

They develop gradually and are often fatal.

Question 14

Which virus is associated with Burkitt lymphoma?

Accepted Answer

Epstein-Barr Virus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of viral spikes?

Accepted Answer

Facilitate attachment to host cell receptors

Question 16

A virus with a helical capsid is most likely to be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Rabies virus

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about oncolytic viruses?

Accepted Answer

They infect and destroy cancer cells, stimulating immune responses.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a possible outcome when animal viruses are grown in embryonated eggs?

Accepted Answer

Eggshell thickening

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the release of enveloped animal viruses?

Accepted Answer

They are released by budding from the plasma membrane.

Question 20

A patient is diagnosed with 'mad cow disease.' Which type of infectious agent is responsible, and what is its main characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Prion; infectious protein particle lacking nucleic acid

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Structure, Replication, and Pathogenicity

Study Guide - Practice Questions