Question 1

Which of the following best describes a virus?

Accepted Answer

A non-cellular particle that requires a host cell to reproduce

Question 2

What is the primary function of the capsid in a virus?

Accepted Answer

To protect the viral genome and aid in host cell attachment

Question 3

Which term refers to the spectrum of host cells a virus can infect?

Accepted Answer

Host range

Question 4

A bacteriophage is a virus that specifically infects which type of cell?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cells

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about viral envelopes?

Accepted Answer

They consist of a section of the host cell's plasma membrane

Question 6

Spike proteins on enveloped viruses are primarily involved in:

Accepted Answer

Attachment to host cells

Question 7

Which process describes the entry of a virus into a host cell by fusion with the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Fusion

Question 8

A virion is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A fully developed, infectious viral particle outside a host cell

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of the number of possible capsomere arrangements if a virus has $n$ types of capsomeres and $k$ positions?

Accepted Answer

$n^k$

Question 10

Which statement about tissue tropism is correct?

Accepted Answer

It describes the range of tissue types a virus can infect within a host

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a method of viral transmission?

Accepted Answer

Direct sunlight exposure

Question 12

If a virus has a genome composed of RNA and lacks an envelope, it is classified as:

Accepted Answer

A nonenveloped RNA virus

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why viruses are not considered living organisms?

Accepted Answer

They cannot reproduce independently outside a host cell

Question 14

What is the role of capsomeres in viral structure?

Accepted Answer

They are protein subunits that make up the capsid

Question 15

Which of the following viruses is most likely to infect the nervous system due to its tissue tropism?

Accepted Answer

Rabies virus

Question 16

A virus with a broad host range can infect:

Accepted Answer

Multiple species

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct sequence of steps in the viral replication cycle?

Accepted Answer

Attachment → Genome entry → Assembly → Release

Question 18

If a virus is transmitted by droplets of respiratory fluid, which equation best models the probability $P$ of transmission given $n$ contacts and transmission rate $r$ per contact?

Accepted Answer

$P = 1 - (1 - r)^n$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about viroids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Viroids consist solely of a short strand of circular RNA

Question 20

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a mutation in the spike protein gene of an enveloped virus?

Accepted Answer

The virus may lose its ability to attach to host cells

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Structure, Replication, and Classification

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