Create a short verbal model predicting how a person’s BMI and lean body mass would be used to estimate expected BAC after a specified dose. Which components must be incorporated to make the model accurate?

• A. Base the model solely on reported tolerance and drinking history rather than physiological measures because tolerance fully predicts BAC trajectories.
• B. Use stomach pH and skin fold thickness exclusively as these determine direct dermal and gastric sequestration of ethanol which are the primary drivers of BAC.
• C. Include total body water estimated from lean body mass (higher LBM → larger volume of distribution), actual alcohol dose in grams, sex-based adjustments for gastric ADH, and timing of consumption to predict peak BAC.
• D. Include only BMI and the type of alcohol consumed because lean mass and dose are negligible determinants once BMI is known.

Answer: (C)