A public health analyst must prioritize a population intervention to shift lipoprotein profiles. Which single intervention is most likely to reduce population LDL and VLDL and thereby lower atherosclerotic disease burdens, and why?

• A. Prohibit all physical activity programs because exercise increases HDL transiently but paradoxically raises LDL and VLDL permanently.
• B. Implement policies to reduce excess refined carbohydrate and caloric intake because lowering hepatic substrate for VLDL production decreases VLDL secretion and downstream LDL formation.
• C. Provide free cholesterol supplements to the population since adding dietary cholesterol always lowers endogenous LDL and VLDL synthesis.
• D. Mandate daily low‑dose alcohol consumption for everyone because ethanol universally eliminates VLDL production and increases HDL instantly with no downside.

Answer: (B)