Given a prolonged conflict scenario in an agricultural region, analyze which combination of drivers produces the most severe localized spike in undernourishment rates and why.

• A. Conflict combined with disrupted markets, population displacement, loss of livelihoods, and reduced humanitarian access produces the most severe spike because it simultaneously reduces food availability, access, and caregiving for children.
• B. Conflict alone without effects on markets or displacement is sufficient to create long‑term national undernourishment and therefore is the only driver that matters.
• C. High female education and population growth together cause localized spikes because educated women intentionally reduce household food availability for demographic control.
• D. Only climate change in isolation drives localized spikes immediately, because political and social drivers act on much longer timescales and cannot cause short‑term food crises.

Answer: (A)