Which of the following statements correctly reflects the role of male health in preconception counseling?

• A. Male nutrition, healthy weight, and avoidance of teratogens improve sperm quality and thereby increase the chance of conception and favorable pregnancy outcomes; counseling should include both partners.
• B. Male partners should be discouraged from any physical activity before conception because exercise reduces sperm count permanently.
• C. Male health matters only if the female partner is infertile; otherwise, it has no measurable effect on pregnancy outcomes.
• D. Only genetic factors in the male determine sperm quality; lifestyle and nutrition have no demonstrable effect.

Answer: (A)