Q: Calculate the total calories from alcohol in 4 shots of liquor (each shot is 1.5 oz and contains 7 calories per gram, with each shot containing about 14 grams of alcohol).

$$4 \times 14 \times 7 = 392$$ calories

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the process of alcohol production in beer and wine?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol is produced by fermentation of yeast and natural sugars in grains (beer) and fruits (wine).

Question 2

A standard drink contains about half an ounce of ethanol. Which of the following is NOT considered a standard drink?

Accepted Answer

An 8-ounce glass of wine

Question 3

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for metabolizing alcohol in the stomach and liver?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 4

Why are women generally more susceptible to the effects of alcohol than men?

Accepted Answer

Women have 20 to 30 percent less alcohol dehydrogenase than men, so absorb more alcohol in the stomach.

Question 5

If a person consumes 3 standard drinks in one hour and weighs 140 pounds, what is their approximate BAC according to the table for women?

Accepted Answer

$$0.11$$

Question 6

Which of the following is a harmful effect of alcohol on the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol interferes with insulin and glucagon, negatively affecting blood glucose regulation.

Question 7

Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to malnutrition. Which nutrient deficiency is most closely associated with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Thiamin

Question 8

Which stage of alcoholic liver disease is characterized by permanent damage and scar tissue development?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis

Question 9

A pregnant woman asks you about safe alcohol consumption during pregnancy. What is the evidence-based recommendation?

Accepted Answer

No amount of alcohol is proven safe during pregnancy.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes binge drinking?

Accepted Answer

Consuming 5 or more drinks by men, or 4 by women, in about two hours.

Question 11

Alcohol is a diuretic. What is a direct consequence of this property?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol causes dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Question 12

Which brain region is affected first as blood alcohol concentration increases, leading to impaired judgment and reasoning?

Accepted Answer

Cerebral cortex

Question 13

A college student drinks 5 beers in two hours. Which of the following risks is most directly associated with this behavior?

Accepted Answer

Increased likelihood of injuries, car accidents, and unplanned sexual activity

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a symptom used to diagnose Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) according to DSM-5 criteria?

Accepted Answer

Drinking only socially at parties

Question 15

Calculate the total calories from alcohol in 4 shots of liquor (each shot is 1.5 oz and contains 7 calories per gram, with each shot containing about 14 grams of alcohol).

Accepted Answer

$$4 	imes 14 	imes 7 = 392$$ calories

Question 16

Which of the following is a plausible reason for moderate alcohol consumption being associated with reduced risk of heart disease in older adults?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol increases HDL cholesterol and makes platelets less sticky.

Question 17

Which of the following groups should abstain from alcohol according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Accepted Answer

Women of childbearing age who may become pregnant

Question 18

A person with severe AUD is most likely to benefit from which of the following interventions?

Accepted Answer

Specialized counseling and medical support

Question 19

Which of the following is a permanent effect of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs)?

Accepted Answer

Permanent physical, mental, and behavioral abnormalities

Question 20

Which of the following statements about alcohol metabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol dehydrogenase converts alcohol to acetaldehyde, which is eventually metabolized to $$CO_2$$ and water.

Chapter 9: Alcohol Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health Effects

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