Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

$6\ \mathrm{CO_2} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{light energy} \rightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why carbohydrates are not considered essential nutrients for humans?

Accepted Answer

The body can synthesize glucose from protein and fat through metabolic pathways.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for glucose, a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$

Question 3

A person with lactose intolerance lacks which enzyme, and what are the consequences of consuming dairy products?

Accepted Answer

Lactase; undigested lactose is fermented by bacteria, causing bloating and diarrhea.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the difference in potential energy between carbohydrates and carbon dioxide?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates have higher potential energy because their covalent bonds are weaker and electrons are shared more equally.

Question 5

Which disaccharide is composed of glucose and galactose, and is commonly found in milk?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 6

A nutrition label lists the following ingredients: corn syrup, malt syrup, and invert sugar. What do these ingredients have in common?

Accepted Answer

They are all forms of added sugars.

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$6\ \mathrm{CO_2} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{light energy} ightarrow \mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2}$

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why sugar alcohols (e.g., sorbitol, xylitol) are used in sugar-free products?

Accepted Answer

They provide fewer calories per gram and do not promote tooth decay.

Question 9

A patient switches from regular soda to diet soda containing aspartame. Based on current research, what is the most accurate statement regarding long-term health effects?

Accepted Answer

There is no clear long-term benefit for weight loss, and some studies show higher BMI and risk of metabolic syndrome.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a disaccharide and its monosaccharide components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose: glucose + fructose

Question 11

Which population is most likely to have lactase persistence into adulthood, and what is the evolutionary explanation?

Accepted Answer

Populations with a history of dairy farming; genetic mutation allowed continued lactase production.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in carbohydrate digestion?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of disaccharides and polysaccharides into absorbable monosaccharides.

Question 13

A 12-oz can of soda contains 33 grams of sugar. How many teaspoons of sugar does this represent? (Use $4\ \mathrm{g}$ sugar $= 1$ teaspoon)

Accepted Answer

$8.25$ teaspoons

Question 14

Which of the following is a health benefit of reducing added sugar intake?

Accepted Answer

Lower risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dental cavities.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for identifying added sugars on an ingredient list?

Accepted Answer

Checking for terms like 'fiber' or 'starch'.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about natural sweeteners like Stevia is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Natural does not always mean safe; safety depends on testing and research.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the brain and red blood cells require glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is the preferred and, for red blood cells, the only energy source.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

They differ in the spatial orientation of their hydroxyl groups.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the potential energy of chemical bonds in carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates have high potential energy because many of their bonds are weak and electrons are shared equally.

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Health Implications

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