Q: A person consumes a meal containing 60 g of carbohydrate, 20 g of protein, and 10 g of fat. Calculate the total energy provided by this meal. Use the following values: $$4 \text{ kcal/g for carbohydrate}$$, $$4 \text{ kcal/g for protein}$$, $$9 \text{ kcal/g for fat}.$$

$$60 \times 4 + 20 \times 4 + 10 \times 9 = 240 + 80 + 90 = 410$$ kcal

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between whole grains and refined grains?

Accepted Answer

Whole grains contain the bran, germ, and endosperm, while refined grains contain mostly the endosperm.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing bloating, flatulence, and diarrhea after consuming dairy products. Which enzyme deficiency is most likely responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 3

Which of the following is a benefit of soluble fibre in the diet?

Accepted Answer

Reduces cholesterol absorption and helps regulate blood glucose levels

Question 4

Calculate the percent of energy from carbohydrate in a diet that provides 2,000 kcal and contains 250 g of carbohydrate. Use the formula: $$	ext{Percent of energy from carbohydrate} = \frac{	ext{grams carbohydrate} 	imes 4}{	ext{total kcal}} 	imes 100$$

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 5

Which of the following statements about glycogen is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles in humans.

Question 6

A food label states that a product is a 'high source of fibre.' According to Canadian regulations, how much fibre must it contain per serving?

Accepted Answer

At least 4 g

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why low-carbohydrate diets can lead to ketosis?

Accepted Answer

Low carbohydrate intake leads to incomplete fat breakdown, resulting in the production of ketone bodies.

Question 8

Which of the following foods is most likely to cause a rapid spike in blood glucose levels, based on glycemic response?

Accepted Answer

Sugary soda

Question 9

Which hormone is released in response to a rise in blood glucose and promotes the uptake of glucose by cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 10

A person consumes a meal containing 60 g of carbohydrate, 20 g of protein, and 10 g of fat. Calculate the total energy provided by this meal. Use the following values: $$4 	ext{ kcal/g for carbohydrate}$$, $$4 	ext{ kcal/g for protein}$$, $$9 	ext{ kcal/g for fat}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$60 	imes 4 + 20 	imes 4 + 10 	imes 9 = 240 + 80 + 90 = 410$$ kcal

Question 11

Which of the following is a characteristic of insoluble fibre?

Accepted Answer

Increases stool bulk and decreases intestinal transit time

Question 12

Which of the following is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 13

Which of the following statements about diabetes is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased sensitivity to insulin and is the most common form of diabetes.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the main structural component of cell membranes

Question 15

Which of the following sweeteners is NOT a non-nutritive (alternative) sweetener?

Accepted Answer

Xylitol

Question 16

A patient is following a diet that provides 300 g of carbohydrate per day and a total energy intake of 2,400 kcal. What percent of their energy comes from carbohydrate? Use the formula: $$	ext{Percent of energy from carbohydrate} = \frac{	ext{grams carbohydrate} 	imes 4}{	ext{total kcal}} 	imes 100$$

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 17

Which of the following is a health benefit associated with a diet high in indigestible carbohydrates (fibre)?

Accepted Answer

Prevention of constipation and bowel disorders

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the liver in carbohydrate metabolism after absorption?

Accepted Answer

The liver converts fructose and galactose into glucose.

Question 19

Which of the following is a recommendation from Canada’s Food Guide regarding carbohydrate intake?

Accepted Answer

Increase consumption of unrefined carbohydrates and decrease intake of added sugars.

Question 20

Which of the following is a possible side effect of consuming large amounts of sugar alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Health Implications

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