Q: A food has a glycemic index (GI) of 70 and contains 30 grams of carbohydrate per serving. What is its glycemic load (GL)? Use the formula $$GL = \frac{GI \times \text{carbohydrate (g)}}{100}.$$

$$GL = \frac{70 \times 30}{100} = 21$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between amylose and amylopectin?

Accepted Answer

Amylose is a straight-chain polysaccharide, while amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide.

Question 2

A patient with lactose intolerance experiences gastrointestinal symptoms after consuming dairy. Which enzyme deficiency is responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Lactase

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why soluble fiber can help lower blood cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber binds bile acids, leading to their excretion and reduced cholesterol reabsorption.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-rich meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 5

A food has a glycemic index (GI) of 70 and contains 30 grams of carbohydrate per serving. What is its glycemic load (GL)? Use the formula $$GL = \frac{GI 	imes 	ext{carbohydrate (g)}}{100}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$GL = \frac{70 	imes 30}{100} = 21$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Promoting the breakdown of muscle tissue for energy during fasting

Question 7

Which of the following foods would have the lowest glycemic response and be most beneficial for someone managing blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Corn tortilla

Question 8

Which of the following statements about dietary fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fiber helps prevent constipation by increasing stool bulk and reducing transit time.

Question 9

A person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates. Which process will occur in the liver to store excess glucose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogenesis

Question 10

Which sugar substitute should be avoided by individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

Accepted Answer

Aspartame

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between natural sugars and added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Natural sugars are found in nutrient-dense foods like fruits and dairy, while added sugars are incorporated during food processing and provide empty calories.

Question 12

Which of the following is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose?

Accepted Answer

Lactose

Question 13

A patient presents with polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia. Laboratory tests reveal no insulin production. Which type of diabetes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Question 14

Which of the following is a recommended strategy for preventing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Engaging in regular physical activity and maintaining a healthy weight

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of excess glucose in the body?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to glycogen and, if glycogen stores are full, to fat for storage.

Question 16

Which of the following is a health risk associated with excessive intake of added sugars?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of dental caries

Question 17

Which of the following statements about glycogen is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscles of animals.

Question 18

Which process describes the formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids, primarily in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 19

A person is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate treatment?

Accepted Answer

Consume a carbohydrate-rich food or beverage

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fiber intake should be increased gradually in the diet?

Accepted Answer

To minimize gastrointestinal discomfort such as bloating and flatulence

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Health Implications

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