$$1 \text{ gram carbohydrate} = 4 \text{ kcal}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the chemical composition of carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Question 2

Which process describes the synthesis of glucose in plants?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 3

Which of the following is a disaccharide and its correct monosaccharide components?

Accepted Answer

Sucrose: glucose + fructose

Question 4

Which of the following statements about fiber is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fiber is a polysaccharide that cannot be digested by human enzymes.

Question 5

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the human body?

Accepted Answer

To provide energy, especially for nerve cells

Question 6

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels after a meal?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 7

What is the process called when the body produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Gluconeogenesis

Question 8

Which of the following foods is a good source of soluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Citrus fruits

Question 9

If a person consumes a diet very low in carbohydrates, which metabolic process will the body use to provide energy for the brain?

Accepted Answer

Ketosis, producing ketones as an alternative fuel

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why high levels of ketones in the blood can be dangerous?

Accepted Answer

They cause high blood acidity, leading to ketoacidosis.

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for beginning carbohydrate digestion in the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Salivary amylase

Question 12

What is the storage form of glucose in animals, and where is it primarily stored?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen; stored in the liver and muscles

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the glycemic index (GI) is correct?

Accepted Answer

Foods with a low GI cause low to moderate fluctuations in blood glucose.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of dietary fiber?

Accepted Answer

Increases blood cholesterol levels

Question 15

A patient with type 2 diabetes is advised to consume foods with a low glycemic load. Which of the following is a likely benefit?

Accepted Answer

Better blood glucose control

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?

Accepted Answer

Soluble fiber dissolves in water and is fermentable; insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct equation for the energy provided by carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$1 	ext{ gram carbohydrate} = 4 	ext{ kcal}$$

Question 18

Which hormone stimulates the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 19

Which of the following is a common misconception about alternative sweeteners such as aspartame?

Accepted Answer

They are unsafe at any level of consumption.

Question 20

A person is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted to restore normal blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Regulation in Human Nutrition

Study Guide - Practice Questions