Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy yield from 5 grams of fat?

$$5\ \mathrm{g} \times 9\ \mathrm{kcal/g} = 45\ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Q: A food label lists the following per serving: 10 g total fat, 3 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat. If a person consumes 2 servings, what percentage of a 2,000 kcal diet would come from saturated fat? (Assume 9 kcal/g for fat.)

$$\frac{3\ \mathrm{g} \times 2 \times 9\ \mathrm{kcal/g}}{2000\ \mathrm{kcal}} \times 100 = 2.7\%$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the structural difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

Triglycerides contain three fatty acids and a glycerol backbone, while phospholipids contain two fatty acids, a glycerol backbone, and a phosphate group.

Question 2

A fatty acid with the structure $$\mathrm{CH_3$(CH_2$)_{14}COOH} is $$best classified as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A long-chain saturated fatty acid

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why fats provide more kilocalories per gram than carbohydrates or proteins?

Accepted Answer

Fats have a higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen to oxygen, allowing for more energy release during oxidation.

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the energy yield from 5 grams of fat?

Accepted Answer

$$5\ \mathrm{g} 	imes 9\ \mathrm{kcal/g} = 45\ \mathrm{kcal}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrogenation?

Accepted Answer

It adds hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acids, converting some double bonds to single bonds and creating trans fats.

Question 6

Which lipoprotein is primarily responsible for transporting cholesterol from the liver to body tissues, and why is it considered 'bad' cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL); because high levels contribute to plaque formation in arteries.

Question 7

A patient is advised to increase their intake of omega-3 fatty acids. Which of the following foods would best help them meet this recommendation?

Accepted Answer

Salmon and flaxseeds

Question 8

Which of the following statements about cholesterol is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol is a sterol that serves as a precursor for vitamin D, sex hormones, and bile acids.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of bile in lipid digestion?

Accepted Answer

Bile emulsifies large fat droplets into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for pancreatic lipase action.

Question 10

A food label lists the following per serving: 10 g total fat, 3 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat. If a person consumes 2 servings, what percentage of a 2,000 kcal diet would come from saturated fat? (Assume 9 kcal/g for fat.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3\ \mathrm{g} 	imes 2 	imes 9\ \mathrm{kcal/g}}{2000\ \mathrm{kcal}} 	imes 100 = 2.7\%$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of essential fatty acids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They are precursors for eicosanoids, which regulate inflammation and blood clotting.

Question 12

Which dietary modification would most effectively lower LDL cholesterol levels?

Accepted Answer

Replacing saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats

Question 13

A patient with a family history of heart disease wants to reduce their risk. Which combination of lifestyle changes would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

Increase exercise, consume more plant sterols, and quit smoking

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why trans fats are considered more harmful than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Trans fats raise LDL cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol, increasing cardiovascular risk.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range) for fat for a 2,500 kcal diet?

Accepted Answer

$$2,500\ \mathrm{kcal} 	imes 0.20 = 500\ \mathrm{kcal} to$$ $$2,500\ \mathrm{kcal} 	imes 0.35 = 875\ \mathrm{kcal}$$ from fat

Question 16

Which of the following statements about lipid absorption is correct?

Accepted Answer

Short- and medium-chain fatty acids are absorbed directly into the bloodstream, while long-chain fatty acids are packaged into chylomicrons.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of HDL in cardiovascular health?

Accepted Answer

HDL transports cholesterol from the cells to the liver for excretion, reducing cardiovascular risk.

Question 18

A person consumes 3,000 kcal per day. According to the AMDR, what is the recommended range of fat intake in grams per day? (Use $$9\ \mathrm{kcal/g}$$ for fat.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3,000 	imes 0.20}{9} = 67\ \mathrm{g} to$$ $$\frac{3,000 	imes 0.35}{9} = 117\ \mathrm{g}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a major function of phospholipids in the body?

Accepted Answer

They form the structural basis of cell membranes.

Lipids: Structure, Function, Digestion, and Health Implications

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards