$$70 \times 0.8 = 56$$ grams per day

Question 1

Which of the following best describes an essential amino acid?

Accepted Answer

An amino acid that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot synthesize it.

Question 2

What is the primary chemical bond that links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 3

A person who is recovering from surgery and building new tissue is most likely in which state of nitrogen balance?

Accepted Answer

Positive nitrogen balance

Question 4

Which of the following is a consequence of protein denaturation in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Proteins lose their three-dimensional structure, allowing digestive enzymes to access peptide bonds.

Question 5

Calculate the daily protein requirement for a sedentary adult weighing 70 kg using the DRI recommendation. Provide your answer in grams per day.

Accepted Answer

$$70 	imes 0.8 = 56$$ grams per day

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in the body?

Accepted Answer

Serving as the primary storage form of energy

Question 7

A vegan diet may be at risk for which nutrient deficiency if not properly planned?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12

Question 8

Which of the following combinations provides complementary proteins?

Accepted Answer

Rice and beans

Question 9

What happens to excess amino acids in the body when protein intake exceeds needs?

Accepted Answer

They are converted to fat and stored in adipose tissue.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about protein digestion is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid in the stomach denatures proteins, making them accessible to digestive enzymes.

Question 11

A child with kwashiorkor is most likely to exhibit which of the following symptoms?

Accepted Answer

Edema and swollen belly

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why a high-protein diet can increase the risk of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

Urea production increases, requiring more water for excretion.

Question 13

Which of the following is a high-quality (complete) protein source?

Accepted Answer

Soybeans

Question 14

Which of the following is a possible health risk associated with excessive protein intake?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of kidney disease in susceptible individuals

Question 15

Which of the following best describes protein turnover?

Accepted Answer

The continuous breakdown and synthesis of proteins from amino acids

Question 16

A person who consumes only plant-based foods but does not combine different protein sources may be at risk for:

Accepted Answer

Deficiency in one or more essential amino acids

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly estimates the amount of protein (in grams) in a food sample containing 8 grams of nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

$$8 	imes 6.25 = 50$$ grams of protein

Question 18

Which of the following is a benefit of a plant-based diet compared to a typical meat-based diet?

Accepted Answer

Lower intake of saturated fat and higher intake of fiber

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fate of amino acids when energy intake is insufficient?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are used for energy production and gluconeogenesis.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about protein absorption is correct?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids are absorbed by cells of the small intestine and transported to the liver.

Proteins and Amino Acids: Structure, Function, and Dietary Importance

Study Guide - Practice Questions