For the three compounds shown below, explain why the first compound has two stereoisomers, while the second and the third compounds correspond to no stereoisomers.

Provide the name of the following alkyne using IUPAC rules.

Give all the possible stereoisomers for the compounds given below.

i. 1-fluoro-2-methylcyclopentane

ii. 3-chloro-4-ethylhexane

Draw the three-dimensional structure of the following compound. Does it have asymmetric carbon atom(s)? If it does not have any asymmetric carbons, is it still chiral?

What is the total number of stereoisomers possible for the given molecule?

Determine if (i) 1,5-dichlorocyclooctane and (ii) 2,4-dichloropentane have any achiral stereoisomers.

Sketch the mirror image of the structure below. In the new mirror structure, switch the spatial orientation at the chiral center. Identify the relationship between the final structure and the original structure.

Draw the Fischer projection below as a dashed-wedged line-angle structure.

The compound 1-bromopropan-2-ol has two stereoisomers. Show the stereoisomers using Fischer projections and label them with R/S.

(R)-Carvone is monoterpene responsible for the smell of spearmint. Considering the fact that (R)-carvone rotates the plane-polarized light in the counter-clockwise direction, answer the following questions:

(a) Should (R)-carvone be referred to as (d) or (l)?

(b) Should it be referred to as (+) or (−)?

(c) What would be the direction of rotation (d or l; + or −) for (S)-carvone?

7.000 g/mL of a substance has an observed rotation of +120.0°. In a polarimeter tube that is 10.00 cm long, calculate its specific rotation.

(S)-2-chloropentane has a specific rotation of +34.07°.

(i) Show the structure of (S)-2-chloropentane.

(ii) What is the specific rotation of (R)-2-chloropentane.

(iii) If a sample containing (R)- and (S)- 2-chloropentane has a specific rotation of –12.47°, calculate the percentage composition of the sample. 

Below are the enantiomers of 1,2-dimethylazetidine. One group around nitrogen is a lone pair, but these two enantiomers can be separated. Explain why.

Consider a two-step reaction. Provide an energy profile diagram for the reaction, given that it is endothermic, with the second step as the rate-limiting step.

At equilibrium, what percentage of ethylcyclohexane has its ethyl substituent in an equatorial position? (ΔG° for the conversion of the axial ethylcyclohexane to the equatorial ethylcyclohexane at 25°C is −1.81 kcal/mol.)

Refer to the information given in the table below. Provide the heat of hydrogenation (∆H°_hydr) for each step involved in the reduction of allylbenzene. 

∆H°_hydr (Step 1) + ∆H°_hydr (Step 2) + ∆H°_hydr (Step 3) + ∆H°_hydr (Step 4) = ∆H°_tot = –78.2 kcal/mol (–328 kJ/mol)

In the given reaction, if the temperature is increased, which side of the reaction, if any, would be favored?

Illustrate the representation of the transition state for both the forward and reverse reactions

Rank the following reactive intermediates in order of increasing reactivity:

Consider the two pathways for the reaction:

Does the following reaction coordinate for the boxed portion of the two pathways rationalize pathway B as the one that produces the major product?

In contrast to the reaction (i), reaction (ii) predicts the formation of a thioether. Explain this phenomenon.

Which of the following structures has a better leaving group? Justify your answer.

Give the substitution products formed in each of the S_N2 reactions given below.

a. CH₃ONa + CH₃Br →
b.

a. Draw the substitution products expected from the reaction of 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane with aqueous ethanol.

b. Why are the same products expected from the reaction of 1-chloro-1-methylcyclohexane with aqueous ethanol?

What nucleophiles would react with 1-iodoheptane to form the following compounds?