Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference in electron behavior between an ionic bond and a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred from one atom to another; in a covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms.

Question 2

An element has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its atomic number?

Accepted Answer

$$11$$

Question 3

An element has 11 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 4

Why do noble gases (Group 18) rarely form chemical bonds with other elements?

Accepted Answer

They have a full valence electron shell, making them chemically stable.

Question 5

Balance the following chemical equation: $$\mathrm{H_2$ + O_2$ \rightarrow H_2O}$$

Accepted Answer

$$2\mathrm{H_2$} + \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 6

A student tests a mystery liquid with pH paper. The paper turns bright red, indicating a pH of 2. What does this tell you about the substance?

Accepted Answer

It is a strong acid.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct electron configuration for sodium ($$Z=11$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$ $$2s^2$$ $$2p^6$$ $$3s^1$$

Question 8

Which statement best explains why sodium forms an ionic bond with chlorine?

Accepted Answer

Sodium loses one electron to achieve a stable configuration, while chlorine gains one electron.

Question 9

Which of the following compounds is most likely to be ionic?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{NaCl}$$

Question 10

A patient is given a solution with a pH of 8. Which of the following best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

It is weakly basic.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share electrons to achieve eight electrons in their outer shell.

Question 12

Which of the following is a real-world example of a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in water ($$\mathrm{H_2O})$$

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why magnesium forms a $$2^+$$ ion?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium loses two electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water?

Accepted Answer

$$2\mathrm{H_2$} + \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a base?

Accepted Answer

A substance that increases the concentration of $$\mathrm{OH^-}$$ ions in solution.

Atomic Structure and Bonding: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions