Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, if an adult's safety and physiological needs are chronically unmet, which of the following is most accurate about their ability to achieve self-actualization?

• A. They can still reliably achieve self-actualization without addressing lower needs.
• B. They will likely be unable to reach self-actualization until lower-level needs are substantially met.
• C. They should first pursue esteem needs because esteem directly causes physiological stability.
• D. They can skip lower needs by focusing on creative work alone and still reach self-actualization.

Answer: (B)