Question 1

In the first image, which direction does the conventional current flow in a simple circuit powered by a battery?

Accepted Answer

From the positive terminal to the negative terminal

Question 2

Refer to the second image. Which graph (a or b) represents an ohmic material, and why?

Accepted Answer

Graph (a), because the current is proportional to the voltage, following Ohm's law $$V = IR$$

Question 3

Based on the third image, which statement best describes the difference between direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac)?

Accepted Answer

Direct current flows in only one direction, while alternating current reverses direction periodically

Question 4

The fourth image shows the resistivity of a material as a function of temperature. What physical phenomenon does the abrupt drop in resistivity at $$T_C$$ represent?

Accepted Answer

The transition to a superconducting state

Question 5

In the fifth image, which schematic correctly lights the bulb using a battery and a single wire, and why do the other configurations fail?

Accepted Answer

Only (b) is correct; (a) and (c) fail because they do not provide a path for current to flow from one terminal to the other

Question 6

Refer to the sixth image. If the internal resistance $$r of $$the battery increases, what happens to the terminal voltage $$V_{ab}$$ when a current is drawn?

Accepted Answer

The terminal voltage decreases

Question 7

In the seventh image, which equation correctly expresses the total voltage across the three resistors in series?

Accepted Answer

$$V = V_1$ + V_2$ + V_3$

Question 8

The eighth image shows three light bulbs connected to a battery. What type of circuit is this, and what is true about the voltage across each bulb?

Accepted Answer

Parallel circuit; each bulb has the same voltage as the battery

Question 9

In the ninth image, what does $$R_{eq}$$ represent in the context of the circuit?

Accepted Answer

The equivalent resistance of all resistors in series

Question 10

In the tenth image, which configuration (a, b, or c) represents the equivalent resistance for the parallel circuit shown in (a)?

Accepted Answer

(c)

Question 11

In the eleventh image, which law or rule is most useful for analyzing the currents $$I_1$$, $$I_2$$, and $$I_3 in $$the circuit?

Accepted Answer

Kirchhoff's Rules (Junction and Loop Rules)

Question 12

In the twelfth image, what does the graph on the right represent in relation to the circuit on the left?

Accepted Answer

The voltage drop across each resistor as a function of position in the circuit

Question 13

In the thirteenth image, what is the total emf in the circuit?

Accepted Answer

$$3.0\ \mathrm{V}$$

Question 14

In the fourteenth image, what is the net emf in the circuit?

Accepted Answer

$$32\ \mathrm{V}$$

Question 15

In the fifteenth image, what is the net emf provided to the circuit?

Accepted Answer

$$0\ \mathrm{V}$$

Question 16

In the sixteenth image, what does the time constant $$	au = RC$$ represent in the context of the RC circuit?

Accepted Answer

The time it takes for the capacitor to charge to about 63% of its final voltage

Question 17

In the seventeenth image, what is the current $$I in $$the circuit?

Accepted Answer

$$I = \dfrac{12.0\ \mathrm{V}}{65.0\ \Omega + 0.5\ \Omega}$$

Question 18

In the eighteenth image, what is the equivalent resistance of the parallel combination of the $$500\ \Omega$$ and $$700\ \Omega$$ resistors?

Accepted Answer

$$R_{eq} = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{500\ \Omega} + \dfrac{1}{700\ \Omega}}$$

Question 19

In the nineteenth image, what is the total resistance $$R_P of $$the two resistors in series?

Accepted Answer

$$R_P = 400\ \Omega + 290\ \Omega$$

Electric Current, Resistance, Circuits, and Magnetism: Study Notes

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