Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between steady flow and turbulent flow in fluids?

Accepted Answer

Steady flow has a constant velocity at each point, while turbulent flow has rapidly changing velocities at each point.

Question 2

A river (as shown in the second image) with white rapids is an example of which type of fluid flow?

Accepted Answer

Turbulent flow

Question 3

Which property of a fluid is described as its 'stickiness' and is responsible for energy dissipation during flow?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Question 4

Graphene (as shown in the third image) is considered a nearly ideal fluid. What are the two main characteristics of an ideal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Incompressible and nonviscous

Question 5

The equation $$A_1$$ $$v_1$$ = $$A_2$$ $$v_2 is $$known as the equation of continuity for incompressible fluids. What does this equation physically represent?

Accepted Answer

The volume flow rate is constant along a streamline.

Question 6

A garden hose is partially obstructed at the nozzle, causing the water to flow out more rapidly. According to the equation of continuity, what happens to the cross-sectional area and velocity of the water at the nozzle?

Accepted Answer

The area decreases and the velocity increases.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct form of Bernoulli’s equation for a fluid moving from point 1 to point 2?

Accepted Answer

$$P_1$$ + \frac{1}{2} \rho $$v_1^2$$ + \rho g $$y_1$$ = $$P_2$$ + \frac{1}{2} \rho $$v_2^2$$ + \rho g $$y_2$$

Question 8

A fluid flows from a wide section of pipe to a narrow section, as shown in the fourth image. If the fluid is incompressible, what happens to its speed and pressure in the narrow section?

Accepted Answer

Speed increases, pressure decreases.

Question 9

A water tower supplies water to a building at a higher elevation. Using Bernoulli’s equation, what must be true about the pressure at the base of the tower compared to the pressure at the top of the building?

Accepted Answer

The pressure at the base is higher due to the gravitational potential energy difference.

Question 10

Which of the following scenarios would violate the assumptions of Bernoulli’s equation?

Accepted Answer

A highly viscous fluid flowing through a pipe.

Question 11

A plane wing generates lift as shown in the last image. According to Bernoulli’s principle, why does the wing experience an upward force?

Accepted Answer

Air moves faster over the top of the wing, reducing pressure above the wing compared to below.

Question 12

If the density of a fluid changes significantly as it flows, which property does the fluid exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Compressibility

Question 13

A pipe carries oil (density $$\rho) $$from a lower elevation to a higher elevation. If the speed of oil remains constant, what happens to the pressure as the oil rises?

Accepted Answer

The pressure decreases as the oil rises.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a valid assumption for the derivation of Bernoulli’s equation?

Accepted Answer

The fluid is highly viscous.

Question 15

A fire hose has a diameter of 0.10 m and ejects water at a speed of 20 m/s. What is the volume flow rate $$Q of $$the water? (Use $$Q = A v$$ and $$A = \pi r^2$)

Accepted Answer

$$Q = 0.157 \ \mathrm{m}^3/\mathrm{s}$$

Question 16

A fluid flows through a pipe with two sections: Section 1 has area $$A_1 = 0.05$$ \ \mathrm{m}^2$$ and velocity v_1$ = 2 \ \mathrm{m/s}$$; Section 2 has area $$A_2 = 0.02$$ \ \mathrm{m}^2$$. What is the velocity v_2$ in Section 2? (Assume incompressible flow.)

Accepted Answer

$$v_2 = 5$$ \ \mathrm{m/s}$$

Question 17

A submarine is moving horizontally at a constant depth. If the speed of water over the top of the submarine is greater than that under the bottom, what can be said about the pressure difference?

Accepted Answer

The pressure is lower above the submarine than below.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water is often treated as an ideal fluid in engineering applications?

Accepted Answer

Water is nearly incompressible and has low viscosity.

Fluid Dynamics: Continuity and Bernoulli’s Equation-lecture 22

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