Question 1

Which of the following best describes the diathesis-stress model as it relates to criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Criminal behavior results from the interaction between a predispositional vulnerability and environmental stressors.

Question 2

According to Eysenck’s Theory of Personality, which combination of personality traits is most associated with antisocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

High extraversion, high neuroticism, high psychoticism

Question 3

Which of the following is a key difference between psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) in forensic populations?

Accepted Answer

ASPD is more prevalent than psychopathy.

Question 4

Robert Smith’s criminal behavior can be partially explained by Social Learning Theory. Which scenario best illustrates this theory?

Accepted Answer

Robert’s exposure to criminal peers and modeling their behavior.

Question 5

According to Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development, which stage is characterized by behavior motivated by the approval of others?

Accepted Answer

Stage 3: Approval of others

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the 'warrior gene' (MAOA-L) and its proposed link to criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

It is associated with low levels of monoamine oxidase A, which may increase impulsivity and aggression.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a trait commonly associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Empathy

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of differential reinforcement in the context of criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

A person continues to steal because they receive praise and material rewards from their peers.

Question 9

According to the study materials, which factor is most likely to increase the risk of violence among individuals with mental illness?

Accepted Answer

Co-occurring substance use disorder and history of violence

Question 10

Which of the following best describes Carol Gilligan’s concept of 'integrated care' in moral development?

Accepted Answer

Action that coordinates one’s own needs with those of others

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the relationship between mental illness and crime is supported by the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Mental illness alone is not a strong predictor of violence unless combined with substance use disorder.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of instrumental violence, as more likely committed by psychopaths?

Accepted Answer

A person carefully plans a robbery to obtain money.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why Robert Smith’s criminal behavior persisted despite multiple incarcerations, according to learning theory?

Accepted Answer

He continued to receive rewards (e.g., money, status) for his behavior.

Question 14

Which of the following is a protective factor according to Farrington’s Theory of Delinquent Development?

Accepted Answer

Supportive family environment

Question 15

Which brain region is most commonly associated with impulse control and is often implicated in studies of criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Prefrontal lobe

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'criminal atavism' as proposed by Cesare Lombroso?

Accepted Answer

Criminals are evolutionary throwbacks with primitive physical traits.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of affective empathy?

Accepted Answer

Feeling sad when you see someone else cry

Question 18

According to operant conditioning, which of the following would most likely decrease the likelihood of future criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Applying consistent legal sanctions for criminal acts

Question 19

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of epigenetics in the context of criminal behavior?

Accepted Answer

Environmental factors can influence gene expression, affecting the likelihood of criminal behavior.

Psychological Theories of Criminal Behaviour: Sociological Context and Applications

Study Guide - Practice Questions