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Contingency Tables definitions

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  • Contingency Table
    A matrix displaying frequencies for two categorical variables, enabling analysis of their relationship and calculation of expected values.
  • Categorical Variable
    A data type representing distinct groups or categories, such as grade levels or height ranges, used in frequency analysis.
  • Observed Frequency
    The actual count recorded in each cell of a table, reflecting the real data collected for specific category combinations.
  • Expected Frequency
    A calculated value predicting the count in a cell, assuming the variables are independent, based on row and column totals.
  • Independence
    A condition where the occurrence of one variable does not affect the probability of the other, crucial for expected frequency calculations.
  • Row Total
    The sum of frequencies across a row, representing the total count for a specific category of one variable.
  • Column Total
    The sum of frequencies down a column, indicating the total count for a specific category of the second variable.
  • Grand Total
    The overall sum of all frequencies in a table, representing the total sample size analyzed.
  • Cell
    An intersection point in a table where a specific combination of categories from two variables is recorded.
  • Joint Probability
    The likelihood of simultaneously observing two specific categories, calculated by multiplying their individual probabilities.
  • Frequency Distribution
    A summary showing how often each category or combination occurs, extended to two variables in contingency tables.
  • Subtotal
    A partial sum provided for rows or columns, aiding in quick calculation of totals within a table.
  • Sample Size
    The total number of data points or individuals included in the analysis, forming the basis for frequency calculations.
  • Category
    A distinct group or classification within a variable, such as height range or grade level, used for organizing data.
  • E Value
    A shorthand for expected frequency in a cell, derived from the formula involving row, column, and grand totals.