Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A population includes all individuals of interest, while a sample is a subset of those individuals.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new teaching method on student performance. She randomly assigns students to two groups: one uses the new method, the other uses the traditional method. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

A designed experiment

Question 3

Which of the following variables is both quantitative and continuous?

Accepted Answer

Height of a person (in centimeters)

Question 4

A survey asks respondents to rate their agreement with a statement on a scale: strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree. What is the level of measurement for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal

Question 5

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into homogeneous groups and then taking a simple random sample from each group?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 6

A researcher selects every 10th person from a list of 1,000 patients to participate in a study. What type of sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of response bias in a survey?

Accepted Answer

Respondents giving answers they think are socially acceptable rather than their true feelings

Question 8

In a matched-pairs design, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Experimental units are paired based on similarity, and each pair receives both treatments.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a lurking variable?

Accepted Answer

A variable not considered in a study that affects the response variable

Question 10

A study collects data on the number of cars passing through an intersection each hour. What type of variable is 'number of cars'?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative, discrete

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between an observational study and a designed experiment?

Accepted Answer

Experiments manipulate explanatory variables, while observational studies do not.

Question 12

A researcher wants to estimate the average income of all residents in a city. She divides the city into neighborhoods and randomly selects several neighborhoods, then surveys every resident in those neighborhoods. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the placebo effect is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the improvement in a subject's condition due to their belief in the treatment, not the treatment itself.

Question 14

Suppose a variable is measured at the interval level. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Differences between values are meaningful, but a value of zero does not mean absence of the quantity.

Question 15

A study is conducted to determine if a new medication reduces blood pressure. Participants are randomly assigned to receive either the medication or a placebo, and neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives which treatment. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind experiment

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of nonresponse bias?

Accepted Answer

Some selected individuals do not respond, and their opinions differ from those who do respond

Question 17

A variable is measured as the number of books read by a student in a year. What is the level of measurement for this variable?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a completely randomized design?

Accepted Answer

Each experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment group.

Question 19

A researcher wants to study the effect of diet on cholesterol levels. She divides participants into groups based on age and then randomly assigns diets within each age group. What type of experimental design is this?

Accepted Answer

Randomized block design

Question 20

Which of the following formulas correctly represents the calculation of the sampling interval $$k in $$systematic sampling, where $$N is $$the population size and $$n is $$the sample size?

Accepted Answer

$$k = \frac{N}{n}$$

Chapter 1: Data Collection – Introductory Statistics Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards