Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample in statistics?

Accepted Answer

A population is the complete collection of all individuals to be studied, while a sample is a subset of that population.

Question 2

A survey of 232 college freshmen found that 22% got lost on their way to class during the first week. What is the population in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

All college freshmen.

Question 3

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

Getting 98 girls in 100 random births.

Question 4

Which sampling method is illustrated by selecting every 3rd car in a line of cars, as shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 5

A researcher divides a city into blocks and randomly selects several blocks, then interviews all residents in those blocks. Which sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of quantitative discrete data?

Accepted Answer

The number of eggs a hen lays.

Question 7

Which level of measurement is represented by eye color?

Accepted Answer

Nominal

Question 8

A study finds that the average age of all students at a university is 21 years. Is this value a parameter or a statistic?

Accepted Answer

Parameter

Question 9

Which of the following is a common problem when analyzing data?

Accepted Answer

Loaded questions in surveys.

Question 10

Which type of observational study collects data from the past by examining records or interviews?

Accepted Answer

Retrospective (case-control) study

Question 11

A survey asks respondents to call in with their opinions about a new law. What type of sample is this?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary response sample

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of categorical data?

Accepted Answer

The genders of professional athletes.

Question 13

Which level of measurement allows for meaningful differences and has a true zero point?

Accepted Answer

Ratio

Question 14

A researcher divides a population into men and women, then randomly selects individuals from each group. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of continuous quantitative data?

Accepted Answer

The amount of milk a cow produces per day.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a step in the process of conducting a statistical study?

Accepted Answer

Ignore outliers

Question 17

A study applies a treatment to subjects and observes the effects. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Experiment

Question 18

Which of the following statements about practical significance is true?

Accepted Answer

A result can be statistically significant but not practically significant.

Question 19

Which formula represents the probability threshold for statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

$$P \leq 0.05$$

Question 20

A study collects data from a random sample of schools in London to assess asthma prevalence among 12-14 year olds at one point in time. What type of observational study is this?

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional study

Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics – Foundations, Data Types, and Sampling Methods

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