Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Law of Large Numbers?

Accepted Answer

As the number of independent repetitions of an experiment increases, the relative frequency of an outcome approaches its probability.

Question 2

Suppose you randomly select an M&M from a bag. What is the probability that it is either blue or orange, based on the probability model in Table 1?

Accepted Answer

$$0.24 + 0.20 = 0.44$$

Question 3

A random experiment consists of flipping a fair coin three times. What is the probability of getting exactly two heads?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{8}$$

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for a valid probability model?

Accepted Answer

Each event must be mutually exclusive.

Question 5

Using the contingency table for polydactyly, what is the probability that a randomly selected child is female and does NOT have polydactyly?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{897}{1862}$$

Question 6

If events A and B are mutually exclusive, which equation correctly represents $$P(A \cup B)$$?

Accepted Answer

$$P(A \cup B) = P(A) + P(B)$$

Question 7

A card is drawn from a standard deck. What is the probability of drawing a king or a diamond?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4}{52} + \frac{13}{52} - \frac{1}{52} = \frac{16}{52}$$

Question 8

Which Venn diagram best represents the event 'A and B'?

Accepted Answer

The region where circles A and B overlap.

Question 9

Suppose the probability that a patient tests positive for a virus is $$0.15. $$What is the probability that a randomly chosen patient tests negative?

Accepted Answer

$$1 - 0.15 = 0.85$$

Question 10

If you flip a fair coin 1000 times, which of the following best describes what you expect for the proportion of heads?

Accepted Answer

It will approach $$0.5 as $$the number of flips increases.

Question 11

A survey of 200 people found that 5 walk to work. Using the empirical method, what is the probability that a randomly selected person walks to work?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{5}{200} = 0.025$$

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a random experiment?

Accepted Answer

Rolling a fair die once.

Question 13

If $$P(A) = 0.3$$, $$P(B) = 0.4$$, and $$P(A \cap B) = 0.1$$, what is $$P(A \cup B)$$?

Accepted Answer

$$0.3 + 0.4 - 0.1 = 0.6$$

Question 14

Which of the following events is considered 'unusual' based on the standard cutoff of $$0.05$$?

Accepted Answer

An event with probability $$0.025$$

Question 15

If you select a random M&M, what is the probability that it is NOT green?

Accepted Answer

$$1 - 0.16 = 0.84$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the complement of event A in set notation?

Accepted Answer

$$A^c$$

Chapter 5: Probability – Rules, Models, and Applications

Study Guide - Practice Questions