Question 1

Which of the following best defines statistics?

Accepted Answer

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data to make decisions.

Question 2

A researcher surveys 1,000 college students about their study habits. The group of all college students in the world is called the:

Accepted Answer

Population

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a sample statistic?

Accepted Answer

The average test score of 200 randomly selected students from a university.

Question 4

Suppose a study finds that 34% of a random sample of retail stores do not store fish at the proper temperature. What is this 34% called?

Accepted Answer

Sample statistic

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true about descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

It involves organizing, summarizing, and displaying data.

Question 6

A company wants to estimate the average salary of all its employees. They randomly select 50 employees and calculate the average salary. Which term best describes the calculated average?

Accepted Answer

Sample statistic

Question 7

Which of the following best describes inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

Drawing conclusions about a population based on sample data.

Question 8

In a survey of 1,152 adults in the U.S., 207 said they would be likely to buy an electric vehicle (EV). What is the population in this context?

Accepted Answer

All adults in the United States.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of using inferential statistics in a real-world scenario?

Accepted Answer

Concluding that nearly two in five U.S. workers worry about negative impacts from disclosing mental health conditions, based on a sample.

Question 10

If $$\mu$$ represents the mean of a population and $$\overline{x}$$ represents the mean of a sample, which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu is a $$population parameter and $$\overline{x} is a $$sample statistic.

Question 11

A university reports that the average SAT math score for its entire freshman class is 514. This value is:

Accepted Answer

A population parameter

Question 12

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between a population and a sample?

Accepted Answer

A sample is a subset of a population.

Question 13

A study finds that the average cost to move locally in the U.S. is $$1692, based on a survey of 1,000 adults. What type of statistic is 1692$?

Accepted Answer

Sample statistic

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of statistics?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring data to avoid bias

Question 15

A researcher wants to know the average commute time for all workers in a city. She surveys 500 workers and finds an average of 35 minutes. She concludes that the average commute time for all workers is about 35 minutes. This conclusion is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the use of descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

Summarizing survey results in a bar graph.

Question 17

If a study reports that 39% of 1,541 U.S. workers worry about negative impacts from disclosing a mental health condition, what is the sample size?

Accepted Answer

1,541

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a population parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average age of all registered voters in a country.

Question 19

A scientist collects data on the heights of 200 randomly selected trees in a forest. She calculates the mean height and uses it to estimate the mean height of all trees in the forest. Which branch of statistics is she using to make this estimate?

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics

Question 20

Which formula would you use to calculate the mean of a sample?

Accepted Answer

$$\overline{x} = \frac{\sum x_i}{n}$$

Introduction to Statistics: Key Concepts and Foundations

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