Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of statistics?

Accepted Answer

To collect, organize, summarize, and analyze data in order to draw conclusions.

Question 2

A researcher wants to know the average income of all college students in the U.S. She surveys 500 students from five universities. In this scenario, what is the population?

Accepted Answer

All college students in the U.S.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average height of all adult women in the U.S.

Question 4

A study finds that 60% of a sample of 200 high school students prefer online learning. What is the statistic in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

60%

Question 5

Which of the following variables is qualitative?

Accepted Answer

Favorite color

Question 6

Which sampling method divides the population into non-overlapping groups and then selects a random sample from each group?

Accepted Answer

Stratified sampling

Question 7

A researcher randomly selects 10 classrooms from a school and surveys all students in those classrooms. What type of sampling is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a confounding variable?

Accepted Answer

A variable that is related to both the explanatory and response variables and cannot be separated from the explanatory variable.

Question 9

In a double-blind experiment, who is unaware of which treatment is being received?

Accepted Answer

Both the subjects and the researchers

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of response bias?

Accepted Answer

Survey questions are worded in a way that influences the respondent's answer.

Question 11

A frequency distribution is used to:

Accepted Answer

Organize data into categories or classes and show the number of observations in each category.

Question 12

Which of the following graphs is most appropriate for displaying the distribution of a categorical variable?

Accepted Answer

Bar graph

Question 13

A time-series plot is best used for:

Accepted Answer

Displaying how a variable changes over time.

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of a completely randomized design?

Accepted Answer

Experimental units are randomly assigned to treatments.

Question 15

If a histogram is skewed to the right, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The tail on the right side is longer than the left.

Question 16

Which formula is used to calculate the relative frequency of a class?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Relative Frequency} = \frac{	ext{Frequency of the class}}{	ext{Sum of all frequencies}} $$

Question 17

A researcher wants to study the effect of a new drug on blood pressure. She randomly assigns patients to receive either the drug or a placebo and measures their blood pressure after 8 weeks. What type of study is this?

Accepted Answer

Designed experiment

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a systematic sample?

Accepted Answer

Selecting every $$kth $$individual from a list after a random start.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a discrete quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

Number of cars in a parking lot

Question 20

A pie chart is most useful for:

Accepted Answer

Showing the division of all possible values of a qualitative variable into parts of a whole.

Introductory Statistics Study Guide: Data Collection, Sampling, and Data Summarization

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