Q: What is the formula for calculating the relative frequency of a category?

$$\text{Relative frequency} = \frac{\text{frequency}}{\text{sum of all frequencies}}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the distribution shown in the top left histogram labeled (a) in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Uniform distribution

Question 2

In the frequency polygon for 'Hours Worked per Week' (second image), what is the class midpoint for the class interval 49.5 to 69.5?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{49.5 + 69.5}{2} = 59.5$$

Question 3

Which type of graph is most appropriate for displaying the cumulative frequency of a quantitative variable, as shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

Ogive

Question 4

Based on the time-series plot of birth rates by age group (fourth and fifth images), which age group experienced the greatest decrease in birth rate from 1990 to 2019?

Accepted Answer

15–19 years

Question 5

What is a potential issue with the bar graph titled 'Burglaries in Minneapolis' (sixth image)?

Accepted Answer

The graph exaggerates the difference by not starting the horizontal axis at zero.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a bell-shaped distribution, as shown in the first image (b)?

Accepted Answer

The distribution is skewed right.

Question 7

If you want to compare the educational attainment of males and females using grouped data, which type of graph would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Side-by-side bar graph using relative frequencies

Question 8

Which of the following statements about histograms is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The bars in a histogram touch each other to indicate continuous data.

Question 9

A dot plot is best used for which type of data?

Accepted Answer

Small sets of quantitative data

Question 10

What is the formula for calculating the relative frequency of a category?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Relative frequency} = \frac{	ext{frequency}}{	ext{sum of all frequencies}}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is a reason why a pie chart might not be appropriate for a dataset?

Accepted Answer

If the categories are not mutually exclusive or do not sum to a whole

Question 12

In a cumulative frequency table, what does the cumulative frequency for a class represent?

Accepted Answer

The total number of observations less than or equal to the upper class limit of that class

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a distribution that is 'skewed right'?

Accepted Answer

The tail to the right of the peak is longer than the tail to the left

Question 14

What is a key feature of a Pareto chart?

Accepted Answer

Bars are drawn in decreasing order of frequency or relative frequency

Question 15

Which of the following is a potential way a graph can be misleading?

Accepted Answer

Using an inconsistent scale on the axes

Question 16

A time-series plot is most useful for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Identifying trends in data over time

Question 17

If a histogram of exam scores is bell-shaped, what can you infer about the distribution of scores?

Accepted Answer

Most students scored near the average, with fewer students scoring very high or very low

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct formula for finding the class midpoint?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Class midpoint} = \frac{	ext{lower class limit} + 	ext{upper class limit}}{2}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a reason to use relative frequencies instead of frequencies when comparing two groups?

Accepted Answer

Relative frequencies are always larger than frequencies

Question 20

In a stem-and-leaf plot, what does each 'leaf' represent?

Accepted Answer

The rightmost digit of a data value

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