Question 1

Which of the following best describes a population in the context of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

All individuals or items of interest about which we want to draw conclusions.

Question 2

Which symbol is typically used to represent the population mean?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu$$

Question 3

A researcher wants to estimate the average cholesterol level of male Native Americans. Which of the following is the population parameter?

Accepted Answer

The mean cholesterol level of all male Native Americans.

Question 4

Why is the size of the sample, rather than the size of the population, more important in determining the accuracy of a survey?

Accepted Answer

The sample size determines the margin of error, regardless of population size.

Question 5

What is a sampling frame?

Accepted Answer

A list or collection of individuals from which the sample is drawn.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of voluntary response bias?

Accepted Answer

Inviting all website visitors to complete a feedback survey, but only those with strong opinions respond.

Question 7

A survey is sent to all residents in a city, but only homeowners respond. What type of bias is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Undercoverage bias

Question 8

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into homogeneous groups and then randomly sampling within each group?

Accepted Answer

Stratified random sampling

Question 9

A polling organization selects every 20th name from an alphabetical list of registered voters, starting at a random point. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Systematic sampling

Question 10

Which of the following best distinguishes cluster sampling from stratified sampling?

Accepted Answer

Clusters are selected for practicality, strata are selected to ensure representation of groups.

Question 11

A researcher wants to estimate the proportion of blue M&Ms in a warehouse containing 100,000 bags. She randomly selects 5 bags and counts all M&Ms in those bags. What sampling method is this?

Accepted Answer

Cluster sampling

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of response bias?

Accepted Answer

People giving socially desirable answers to sensitive questions.

Question 13

A national survey uses a combination of stratified, cluster, and simple random sampling methods. What is this approach called?

Accepted Answer

Multistage sampling

Question 14

Which of the following is a valid reason for using cluster sampling in a war zone to estimate civilian casualties?

Accepted Answer

It is more practical and safer to sample entire neighborhoods rather than individuals scattered across the region.

Question 15

If a survey is conducted only among people who are easily accessible to the researcher, what type of sampling is being used?

Accepted Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct notation for the sample proportion?

Accepted Answer

$$\hat{p}$$

Question 17

A survey asks respondents about illegal behavior. Many respondents do not answer truthfully. What type of bias is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Response bias

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a representative sample?

Accepted Answer

A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population.

Question 19

A university wants to estimate the average GPA of students who own iPads. Which of the following is a population parameter?

Accepted Answer

The average GPA of all students who own iPads at the university.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a common source of bias in sample surveys?

Accepted Answer

Random selection bias

Sampling and Survey Design in Introductory Statistics

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