Q: Given a contingency table with a grand total of 500 students, if 125 students are male and in the Business program, what is the percentage of overall total for this cell?

$$ \frac{125}{500} \times 100 = 25\% $$

Q: What is the formula for calculating the relative frequency of a class in a frequency distribution?

$$ \text{Relative Frequency} = \frac{\text{Frequency}}{\text{Total}} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of organizing raw data into tables and graphs?

Accepted Answer

To make the data easier to understand and to identify important patterns more quickly.

Question 2

A summary table is used to organize which type of variable?

Accepted Answer

Categorical variable

Question 3

A contingency table is most appropriate for summarizing:

Accepted Answer

Two categorical variables

Question 4

Given a contingency table with a grand total of 500 students, if 125 students are male and in the Business program, what is the percentage of overall total for this cell?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{125}{500} 	imes 100 = 25\% $$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a feature of a histogram?

Accepted Answer

Bars are separated by gaps.

Question 6

What is the formula for calculating the relative frequency of a class in a frequency distribution?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Relative Frequency} = \frac{	ext{Frequency}}{	ext{Total}} $$

Question 7

A pie chart is most appropriate for displaying:

Accepted Answer

The parts of a whole for a categorical variable

Question 8

Which graphical display is best for comparing the distribution of a categorical variable across two groups (e.g., male vs. female students in different programs)?

Accepted Answer

Side-by-side bar chart

Question 9

An ordered array is useful because it:

Accepted Answer

Displays data in rank order, showing the range and possible outliers.

Question 10

If a frequency distribution has 5 classes and the lowest value is 10 and the highest value is 60, what is the class interval (width)?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{60 - 10}{5} = 10 $$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the coefficient of correlation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is unit free and ranges from -1 to 1.

Question 12

A scatter plot is used to:

Accepted Answer

Show the relationship between two numerical variables.

Question 13

In a contingency table, which calculation would you use to find the percentage of students in a specific program within each gender?

Accepted Answer

Percentage of column totals

Question 14

Which of the following is a key difference between a bar chart and a histogram?

Accepted Answer

Bars in a histogram touch each other, while bars in a bar chart are separated by gaps.

Question 15

A company wants to compare the percentage of employees in different departments who prefer remote work. Which visual summary should they use?

Accepted Answer

Side-by-side bar chart

Question 16

If a frequency distribution table shows a class with a frequency of 8 out of a total of 40 observations, what is the relative frequency for that class?

Accepted Answer

$$ \frac{8}{40} = 0.20 $$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the use of a side-by-side bar chart?

Accepted Answer

To compare two categories within each group for a categorical variable.

Question 18

A researcher wants to examine the relationship between hours studied and exam scores for a group of students. Which graphical display should be used?

Accepted Answer

Scatter plot

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a step in constructing a frequency distribution for numerical data?

Accepted Answer

Calculate the mean and median of each class.

Question 20

If the coefficient of correlation $$ r $$ between two variables is close to 0, what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is little to no linear relationship.

Tabular and Visual Summarization of Variables: Study Guide for Introductory Statistics

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