Complete this concept map to summarize the key concepts concerning the body's defenses.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the two main types of body defenses: (a) innate immunity and (b) adaptive immunity.
2. Note that innate immunity is present at birth and found in both vertebrates and invertebrates.
3. Recognize that adaptive immunity is present only after exposure to pathogens and is found in vertebrates.
4. Understand that adaptive immunity is produced by cells called lymphocytes.
5. Differentiate between the two types of lymphocytes: (c) B cells, which secrete (f) antibodies and are responsible for the humoral immune response, and (e) T cells, which are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response and poke 'holes' in (g) infected cells.

Key Concepts

Innate Immunity

Innate immunity is the body's first line of defense, present at birth and providing immediate, non-specific protection against pathogens. It includes physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes, as well as immune cells that respond quickly to infections. This type of immunity is found in both vertebrates and invertebrates, highlighting its fundamental role in survival.

Adaptive Immunity

Adaptive immunity develops after exposure to specific pathogens and is characterized by a slower response that improves with subsequent encounters. It is primarily mediated by lymphocytes, including B cells and T cells, which provide targeted responses and memory against specific antigens. This type of immunity is exclusive to vertebrates and is crucial for long-term protection.

Lymphocytes

Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell essential for the immune response, produced in the lymphatic system. They include B cells, which secrete antibodies for the humoral immune response, and T cells, which are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Lymphocytes play a critical role in recognizing and responding to pathogens, ensuring the body can effectively defend itself against infections.