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Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan 10th EditionCh. 18 The Evolution of Invertebrate DiversityProblem 1
The table below lists the common names of the nine animal phyla surveyed in this chapter. For each phylum, list the key characteristics and some representatives.
- Identify the pattern of embryonic development shown in each drawing below and name the phylum (or phyla) that exhibit this pattern.
Problem 2
Problem 3
Bilateral symmetry in animals is best correlated with
a. An ability to see equally in all directions.
b. The presence of a skeleton.
c. Motility and active predation and escape.
d. Adaptation to terrestrial environments.
Problem 4
Jon found an organism in a pond, and he thinks it's a freshwater sponge. His friend Liz thinks it looks more like an aquatic fungus. How can they decide whether it is an animal or a fungus?
a. See if it can swim.
b. Figure out whether it is autotrophic or heterotrophic.
c. See if it is a eukaryote or a prokaryote.
d. Look for cell walls under a microscope.
Problem 5
Which of the following groupings includes the largest number of species? (Explain your answer.)
a. Invertebrates
b. Arthropods
c. Insects
d. Vertebrates
Problem 6
Which of the following animal groups does not have tissues derived from mesoderm?
a. Annelids
b. Echinoderms
c. Cnidarians
d. Flatworms
Problem 7
Molecular comparisons place nematodes and arthropods in clade Ecdysozoa. What characteristic do they share that is the basis for the name Ecdysozoa?
a. A complete digestive tract
b. Body segmentation
c. Molting of an exoskeleton
d. Bilateral symmetry
Problem 14
Match each description on the left with the corresponding term on the right Closest relatives of chordates
a. annelids
b. nematodes
c. sponges
d. arthropods
e. flatworms
f. cnidarians
g. molluscs
h. echinoderms
i. chordates
- Compare the structure of a planarian (a flatworm) and an earthworm with regard to the following: digestive tract, body cavity, and segmentation.
Problem 17
- One of the key characteristics of arthropods is their jointed appendages. Describe four functions of these appendages in four different arthropods.
Problem 19
Problem 20
A marine biologist has dredged up an unknown animal from the seafloor. Describe some of the characteristics that could be used to determine the animal phylum to which the creature should be assigned.
Problem 21
In one of the experiments described in Module 18.13, researchers tested the hypothesis that the highly successful arthropod body plan resulted from new genes that originated in the arthropod lineage. Draw a diagram showing the evolutionary relationship between arthropods and velvet worms and use it to explain why velvet worms were a good choice to test this hypothesis. What results would have supported the hypothesis?