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Problem 1
Label the parts of the human digestive system below and indicate the functions of these organs and glands.
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Problem 2
Complete the following map summarizing the nutritional needs of animals that are met by a healthy diet.
Problem 3
Earthworms, which are substrate feeders,
a. Feed mostly on mineral substrates.
b. Filter small organisms from the soil.
c. Are bulk feeders that ingest large pieces of food.
d. Eat their way through the soil, feeding on partially decayed organic matter.
Problem 4
The energy content of fats
a. Is released by bile salts.
b. Is, per gram, twice that of carbohydrates or proteins.
c. Cannot be dissolved in water and so cannot be absorbed.
d. Is usually healthier than the energy content of carbohydrates.
Problem 5
Which of the following vitamins is mismatched with the disease that results from its underconsumption?
a. Vitamin B6—Beriberi
b. Vitamin C—Scurvy
c. Vitamin A—Vision loss
d. Vitamin D—Rickets
Problem 6
Which of the following statements is false?
a. A healthy human has enough stored fat to supply calories for several weeks.
b. An increase in leptin levels leads to an increase in appetite and weight gain.
c. The interconversion of glucose and glycogen takes place in the liver.
d. After glycogen stores are filled, excessive calories are stored as fat, regardless of their original food source.
Problem 7
Why is it necessary for healthy vegetarians to combine different plant foods or eat some eggs or milk products?
a. To make sure they obtain sufficient calories
b. To provide sufficient vitamins
c. To make sure they ingest all essential fatty acids
d. To provide all essential amino acids for protein synthesis
- A peanut butter and jelly sandwich contains carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Describe what happens to the sandwich when you eat it. Discuss ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
Problem 8
Problem 9a
Use the Nutrition Facts label to the right to answer these questions: What percentage of the recommended daily value of fat is found in a 1-cup serving?
Problem 9b
Use the Nutrition Facts label to the right to answer these questions: Is this product a good source of vitamin D and calcium? Explain.
Problem 9c
Use the Nutrition Facts label to the right to answer these questions: Each gram of fat supplies 9 Calories. Based on the grams of saturated fat and its % Daily Value, calculate the upper limit of saturated fat (in grams and Calories) that an individual on a 2,000-Calorie/day diet should consume.
- How might our craving for fatty foods, which is helping to fuel the obesity crisis, have evolved through natural selection?
Problem 10
- One common piece of dieting advice is to replace energy-dense food with nutrient-dense food. What does this mean?
Problem 11
- The media report numerous claims and counterclaims about the benefits and dangers of certain foods, dietary supplements, and diets. Have you modified your eating habits on the basis of nutritional information disseminated by the media? Why or why not? How should we evaluate whether such nutritional claims are valid?
Problem 12
- It is estimated that 15% of Americans do not always have access to enough food. Worldwide, more than 1 billion people go to bed hungry most nights, and millions of people have starved to death in recent decades. In some cases, war, poor crop yields, and disease epidemics strip people of food. Many say instead that it is not inadequate food production but unequal food distribution that causes food shortages. What responsibility do nations have for feeding their citizens? For feeding the people of other countries? What do you think you can do to lessen world hunger?
Problem 13
Problem 14
Consider the relationship between correlation and causation with respect to some pairs of human traits. For example, are freckles and red hair correlated? Is there causation? How does this concept relate to the study of human nutrition? Can you name examples of correlation in humans with respect to obesity? Explain each answer.