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Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan 10th EditionCh. 20 Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and FunctionProblem 1
There are several key concepts introduced in this chapter: Structure correlates with function; an animal's body has a hierarchy of organization with emergent properties at each level; and complex bodies have structural adaptations that increase surface area for exchange. Label the tissue layers shown in this section of the small intestine, and describe how this diagram illustrates these three concepts.
Problem 3
Which of the following body systems facilitates (but doesn't regulate) the functions of the other systems? respiratory system endocrine system digestive system circulatory system
Problem 4
Negative-feedback mechanisms are
a. Most often involved in maintaining homeostasis.
b. Analogous to a furnace that produces heat.
c. Found only in birds and mammals.
d. All of the above.
- Briefly explain how the structure of each of these tissues is well suited to its function: stratified squamous epithelium in the skin, neurons in the brain, simple squamous epithelium lining the lung, bone in the skull.
Problem 5
- Describe ways in which the bodies of complex animals are structured for exchanging materials with the environment. Do all animals share such features?
Problem 6
Problem 7
Which of the following best illustrates homeostasis? (Explain your answer.)
a. Most adult humans are between 5 and 6 feet tall.
b. All the cells of the body are about the same size.
c. When the salt concentration of the blood goes up, the kidneys expel more salt.
d. When oxygen in the blood decreases, you feel dizzy.
Problem 8
The diaphragm is a large sheet of muscle that helps move air in and out of your lungs. Breathing is automatically controlled by the brain, but you can choose to hold your breath or breathe deeper. What kind of muscle do you suppose makes up the diaphragm? (Explain your answer.)
Problem 9
You read a blog that states, 'A squid's eye has been perfectly designed to see in the dark depths of the ocean.' Draft a paragraph that responds to the blog's use of the phrase 'perfect design' by citing an example discussed in this chapter.
Problem 10
In a study to examine the effectiveness of a new acne cream, participants were assigned to one of two groups: those who would be asked to use the cream for three months and those who would not use any treatment. Participants would be asked to keep a journal rating how bad they think their acne is on a scale of 1–10 each week. What are the well-designed aspects of this study? What are the limitations? How would you improve the design of this study to address these limitations?
Problem 11
After a long, hot run together, your friend tells you that you should dunk your head into a cooler of water to lower your body temperature more rapidly, rather than sitting and waiting to cool down. What do you think? Form a hypothesis about how the ice-cold water might affect the rate at which your body temperature returns to normal. How could you test your hypothesis?
- While driving your car over hilly terrain, you maintain a constant speed of 55 miles per hour. Write a short paragraph describing how this illustrates the concept of homeostasis.
Problem 12