Steps of Translation quiz #2 Flashcards
Steps of Translation quiz #2
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What happens during translation?
During translation, the ribosome reads mRNA codons and pairs them with tRNA anticodons to add amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain. What is the end product of translation?
The end product of translation is a polypeptide chain, which will fold into a functional protein. What occurs when a ribosome reaches a stop codon?
When a ribosome reaches a stop codon, a release factor binds, triggering the release of the polypeptide chain and disassembly of the translation complex. How is translation terminated?
Translation is terminated when a stop codon is reached, leading to the binding of a release factor that cleaves the polypeptide chain and disassembles the ribosome. Which of the following steps occurs last in the initiation phase of translation? A) Binding of the small ribosomal subunit to mRNA B) Binding of tRNA to mRNA C) Binding of the large ribosomal subunit
C) Binding of the large ribosomal subunit How does the tRNA-mRNA interaction ensure that the amino acids are added in the correct order?
The tRNA-mRNA interaction ensures correct amino acid order by matching tRNA anticodons with complementary mRNA codons. Translation termination occurs when a ribosome interacts with which of the following structures? A) Start codon B) Stop codon C) Release factor
B) Stop codon Which of the following facilitates the binding of tRNA anticodons to mRNA codons? A) Ribosome B) Release factor C) DNA polymerase
A) Ribosome What causes translation to stop?
Translation stops when a stop codon is reached, triggering the binding of a release factor. Which occurs during translation elongation?
During translation elongation, amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain through peptide bonds. What would you expect to find bound to the stop codon at the A site?
A release factor would be bound to the stop codon at the A site. Which of the following processes is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes? A) Binding of the large ribosomal subunit B) Binding of the small ribosomal subunit to mRNA C) Formation of peptide bonds
B) Binding of the small ribosomal subunit to mRNA What occurs during translation?
During translation, mRNA is decoded by the ribosome to produce a polypeptide chain. What occurs when a ribosome reaches a stop codon?
A release factor binds, leading to the release of the polypeptide chain and disassembly of the ribosome. Which step occurs in the P site of the ribosome during translation?
In the P site, peptide bonds are formed between amino acids. What occurs when a ribosome encounters a stop codon?
A release factor binds, causing the polypeptide chain to be released and the ribosome to disassemble. Which of the following statements regarding translation elongation is true? A) Amino acids are added to the N-terminus B) tRNAs enter the E site first C) Peptide bonds form between amino acids
C) Peptide bonds form between amino acids During the elongation stage of translation, what happens?
During elongation, tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain. What would terminate translation?
Translation is terminated by the binding of a release factor to a stop codon. Which of the following signifies translation termination? A) Start codon B) Stop codon C) Release factor
B) Stop codon What are the three phases of translation?
The three phases of translation are initiation, elongation, and termination. Which of the following processes occurs when termination of translation takes place? A) Formation of peptide bonds B) Binding of release factor C) Binding of tRNA
B) Binding of release factor Which description matches each stage of translation?
Initiation: Ribosome assembly and start codon recognition; Elongation: Addition of amino acids; Termination: Stop codon recognition and polypeptide release. What is the correct order of steps for protein synthesis?
The correct order is initiation, elongation, and termination. Which statement regarding translation elongation is correct?
During elongation, tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome, where peptide bonds are formed. Which is not a step of translation? A) Initiation B) Elongation C) Replication
C) Replication What is the final product of the process of translation?
The final product of translation is a polypeptide chain. Which of the following play a part in translational elongation? A) tRNA B) mRNA C) Release factor
A) tRNA What are the three main steps of translation, and what occurs during each step?
The three main steps of translation are initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, the small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA and the first tRNA (carrying methionine) at the start codon (AUG), followed by the large ribosomal subunit joining. In elongation, amino acids are sequentially added to the growing polypeptide chain as tRNAs bring them to the ribosome's A site, peptide bonds form, and the ribosome moves along the mRNA. Termination occurs when a stop codon is reached, triggering a release factor to bind, which releases the completed polypeptide and disassembles the translation complex.
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