Q: Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$ \text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein} $$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main premise of reductionism in cell biology?

Accepted Answer

Studying the parts of a cell can explain the character of the whole cell.

Question 2

Which scientist is credited with first observing and naming 'cells' after viewing cork under a microscope?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hooke

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a tenet of the classical cell theory as articulated by Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow?

Accepted Answer

All cells contain a nucleus.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why cells are generally small in size?

Accepted Answer

A small size increases the surface area-to-volume ratio, facilitating efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the microscope with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): Visualizes internal structures in thin sections of cells.

Question 6

Which of the following is a unique feature of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of alternative splicing in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A single gene can give rise to multiple protein isoforms by splicing mRNA in different ways.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about the endosymbiotic theory?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances, producing hydrogen peroxide as a byproduct.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein} $$

Question 12

Which of the following is a property shared by both Bacteria and Archaea?

Accepted Answer

Lack of a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why the surface area-to-volume ratio is important for cell function?

Accepted Answer

A higher surface area-to-volume ratio allows for more efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing mechanical support, facilitating cell movement, and organizing organelles

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the structure of a eukaryotic flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A (9 x 2) + 2 arrangement of microtubules surrounded by a plasma membrane

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined together by covalent bonds, releasing a water molecule.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

It is the unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 18

A mutation causes a single amino acid substitution in the β-chain of hemoglobin, resulting in sickle cell anemia. Which level(s) of protein structure does this affect?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Digesting and recycling cellular waste and foreign material

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the Miller-Urey experiment and its significance?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrated that simple organic molecules could form abiotically from inorganic compounds under simulated early Earth conditions.

BIO 210: Cells & Molecules – Comprehensive Study Notes for Exam I

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