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Taylor, Simon, Dickey, Hogan 10th EditionCh. 17 The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity- In this abbreviated diagram, identify the four major plant groups and the key terrestrial adaptation associated with each of the three major branch points.
Problem 1
Problem 2
Identify the cloud seen in each photograph. Describe the life cycle events associated with each cloud.
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Problem 3
Angiosperms are different from all other plants because only they have
a. A vascular system.
b. Flowers.
c. Seeds.
d. A dominant sporophyte phase.
Problem 4
Which of the following structures produce eggs and sperm? (Explain your answer.)
a. Fern sporophytes
b. Moss gametophytes
c. The anthers of a flower
d. Moss sporangia
Problem 5
The eggs of seed plants are fertilized within ovules, and the ovules then develop into
a. Seeds.
b. Spores.
c. Fruit.
d. Sporophytes.
Problem 6
The diploid sporophyte stage is dominant in the life cycles of all of the following except
a. A pine tree.
b. A rose bush.
c. A fern.
d. A moss.
Problem 7
Which of the following terms includes all the others?
a. Angiosperm
b. Gymnosperm
c. Vascular plant
d. Fern
e. Seed plant
Problem 8
Under a microscope, a piece of a mushroom would look most like
a. Jelly.
b. A tangle of string.
c. Grains of sugar or salt.
d. Foam.
Problem 9
Which of the following groups is made up exclusively of fungi that form symbioses with plant roots?
a. Ascomycetes
b. Basidiomycetes
c. Glomeromycetes
d. Zygomycetes
- Compare a seed plant with an alga in terms of adaptations for life on land versus life in the water.
Problem 10
Problem 11
How do animals help flowering plants reproduce? How do the animals benefit?
- What characters support the classification of fungi and plants in different kingdoms?
Problem 12
Problem 13
Truffles (the fungi, not the chocolates) are the reproductive bodies of ascomycetes that form mycorrhizae with certain tree species. They are highly prized by gourmets for the delicious scent they add to food. Because truffles grow underground, they are difficult to find—human noses are not sensitive enough to locate them. Many animals, however, are excellent truffle hunters and eagerly consume the fungi. Why would these fungi produce a scent that attracts fungus-eating animals?
Problem 14
In April 1986, an accident at a nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine, scattered radioactive fallout for hundreds of miles. In assessing the biological effects of the radiation, researchers found mosses to be especially valuable as organisms for monitoring the damage. Radiation damages organisms by causing mutations. Explain why it is faster to observe the genetic effects of radiation on mosses than on plants from other groups. Imagine that you are conducting tests shortly after a nuclear accident. Using potted moss plants as your experimental organisms, design an experiment to test the hypothesis that the frequency of mutations decreases with the organism's distance from the source of radiation.
Problem 15
As you learned in Module 17.18, symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi are found in almost all present-day plant lineages. Mosses are a major exception—most mosses lack mycorrhizal associations. Assuming that mycorrhizae were a key factor in the colonization of land by plants, propose an explanation for the absence of mycorrhizae in present-day moss lineages.