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DNA libraries definitions

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  • DNA Library
    A collection of DNA fragments stored in vectors, enabling analysis of genetic material or gene expression.
  • Genomic Library
    A set of DNA fragments representing an organism’s entire genome, including both coding and non-coding regions.
  • cDNA Library
    A collection of DNA sequences synthesized from mRNA, reflecting only actively expressed genes without introns.
  • Restriction Enzyme
    A protein that cuts DNA at specific sequences, generating fragments suitable for cloning into vectors.
  • Vector
    A DNA molecule, often circular, used to carry foreign DNA into host cells for replication or expression.
  • Yeast Artificial Chromosome
    A large vector capable of carrying DNA fragments up to 1,000,000 base pairs, useful for genomic libraries.
  • Fragment
    A piece of DNA generated by enzymatic digestion, suitable for insertion into vectors for library construction.
  • mRNA
    A nucleic acid molecule representing genes actively expressed in a cell, serving as a template for cDNA synthesis.
  • Reverse Transcription
    A process converting RNA into complementary DNA, enabling study of gene expression without introns.
  • Exon
    A coding sequence in a gene that remains in the mature mRNA and is represented in cDNA libraries.
  • Intron
    A non-coding sequence removed during RNA processing, absent from cDNA but present in genomic DNA.
  • Cloning Vector
    A DNA vehicle designed to accept and propagate foreign DNA fragments in host cells, facilitating library creation.
  • Sequencing
    A technique for determining the precise order of nucleotides in DNA fragments from libraries.
  • Gene Expression
    The process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize functional products, reflected in cDNA libraries.
  • Base Pair
    A unit of DNA structure consisting of two nucleotides bonded together, used to measure fragment size in libraries.