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Eukaryotic Cell Architecture definitions

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  • Nucleus
    Membrane-bound compartment housing genetic material and site of transcription, separated from cytoplasm by a double membrane.
  • Nuclear Envelope
    Double membrane structure with pores, regulating exchange between the genetic compartment and the cytoplasm.
  • Nucleolus
    Dense region within the genetic compartment responsible for ribosome assembly.
  • Organelle
    Specialized, membrane-bound structure performing distinct cellular functions within the internal environment.
  • Plasma Membrane
    Lipid bilayer boundary separating the cell from its surroundings, controlling molecular traffic.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
    Network of membranes with rough regions for protein synthesis and smooth regions for lipid production.
  • Golgi Apparatus
    Stacked membrane system modifying, sorting, and directing proteins to their destinations.
  • Mitochondrion
    Energy-generating compartment producing ATP and containing its own genetic material and protein factories.
  • Chloroplast
    Photosynthetic compartment in plants and algae, converting light energy to sugars and harboring its own DNA.
  • Cytoskeleton
    Dynamic network of protein filaments providing structural support, shape, and facilitating internal transport.
  • Microtubule
    Hollow protein cylinder involved in cell shape, organization, and movement of internal components.
  • Microfilament
    Thin, polarized protein strand, also called actin filament, crucial for cell movement and muscle contraction.
  • Intermediate Filament
    Stable protein fiber forming a scaffold that maintains cell integrity and resists mechanical stress.
  • Chromosome
    Linear DNA-protein complex ensuring efficient genetic storage and distribution during cell division.
  • Extracellular Matrix
    Flexible protein-rich network connecting animal cells, providing support and enabling coordinated movement.