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Immune System Collaboration definitions

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  • Innate Immune System
    First line of defense, rapidly recognizing pathogens using pattern recognition receptors and initiating the immune response.
  • Pattern Recognition Receptor
    Molecule on immune cells that detects common pathogen features, triggering cellular activation and pathogen uptake.
  • Toll-like Receptor
    A type of pattern recognition receptor that identifies pathogen-associated molecules, initiating immune cell activation.
  • Macrophage
    Large white blood cell that engulfs, degrades pathogens, and presents antigens to other immune cells.
  • Antigen-presenting Cell
    Cell type, such as dendritic cells, that processes pathogens and displays their antigens via MHC molecules.
  • Dendritic Cell
    Specialized antigen-presenting cell crucial for linking innate and adaptive immunity by activating T helper cells.
  • MHC Molecule
    Surface protein complex that displays processed pathogen fragments to T cells, enabling immune recognition.
  • T Helper Cell
    Adaptive immune cell that, once activated, orchestrates immune responses by releasing cytokines and activating other cells.
  • Cytokine
    Inflammatory signaling molecule released by immune cells, enhancing cell recruitment, adhesion, and overall immune activity.
  • White Blood Cell
    General term for immune cells involved in pathogen defense, migration to infection sites, and inflammation.
  • TH1 Cell
    Subtype of T helper cell that activates macrophages and cytotoxic T cells to target internalized pathogens.
  • TH2 Cell
    Subtype of T helper cell that stimulates B cells to produce antibodies against extracellular pathogens.
  • Cytotoxic T Cell
    Adaptive immune cell specialized in destroying infected cells containing internalized pathogens.
  • B Cell
    Adaptive immune cell that, upon activation, differentiates to produce antibodies targeting specific pathogens.
  • Antibody
    Protein produced by B cells that binds to extracellular pathogens, marking them for elimination.