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Mitosis definitions

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  • Mitosis
    A process of cellular division producing two genetically identical daughter cells through a series of regulated steps.
  • Cell Cycle
    A sequence of phases including G1, S, G2, and M, guiding cell growth, DNA replication, and division.
  • G1 Phase
    The initial growth period where a cell increases in size, accumulates nutrients, and prepares for DNA synthesis.
  • S Phase
    A stage dedicated to DNA replication, ensuring each daughter cell receives a complete genetic copy.
  • G2 Phase
    A preparatory interval following DNA synthesis, allowing the cell to finalize readiness for mitosis.
  • M Cyclins
    Regulatory proteins whose concentration rises before and during mitosis, activating kinases for cell division.
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinases
    Enzymes activated by cyclins, responsible for phosphorylating proteins that drive cell cycle progression.
  • CDC25
    A phosphatase protein that removes inhibitory phosphates from kinases, enabling entry into mitosis.
  • Condensins
    Protein complexes that compact chromatin into highly condensed chromosomes, facilitating their movement.
  • Cohesins
    Protein complexes maintaining the connection between sister chromatids until their separation in anaphase.
  • Sister Chromatids
    Identical DNA copies formed during replication, joined together and destined for segregation during mitosis.
  • Centromere
    A specialized DNA region linking sister chromatids and serving as the attachment site for spindle fibers.
  • Mitotic Spindle
    A microtubule-based structure organizing and segregating chromosomes during mitosis.
  • Spindle Assembly Checkpoint
    A control mechanism ensuring chromosomes are properly aligned before chromatid separation.
  • Anaphase Promoting Complex
    A protein complex triggering chromatid separation and progression toward mitotic exit by degrading specific proteins.