Give the symbol for (b) an alpha particle.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify that an alpha particle is a type of ionizing radiation emitted during radioactive decay.
2. Recognize that an alpha particle consists of two protons and two neutrons, which is the same as a helium nucleus.
3. Understand that because an alpha particle is essentially a helium nucleus, it can be represented by the symbol for helium.
4. Recall the chemical symbol for helium, which is 'He'.
5. Since an alpha particle has a charge of +2 (due to the two protons and no electrons), the symbol for an alpha particle is written as He^{2+}.

Key Concepts

Alpha Particle

An alpha particle is a type of subatomic particle that consists of two protons and two neutrons, making it identical to a helium nucleus. It is emitted during the radioactive decay of certain heavy elements, such as uranium and radium. Alpha particles carry a positive charge and have relatively low penetration power, being stopped by a sheet of paper or human skin.

Nuclear Symbols

Nuclear symbols are a shorthand notation used to represent atomic nuclei, indicating the number of protons and neutrons. For an alpha particle, the symbol is often written as '⁴₂He' or simply 'α'. The superscript indicates the mass number (total number of protons and neutrons), while the subscript indicates the atomic number (number of protons).

Radioactive Decay

Radioactive decay is the process by which unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting radiation, which can include alpha particles, beta particles, or gamma rays. This process transforms the original nucleus into a different element or isotope, contributing to the stability of the atom. Understanding radioactive decay is essential for identifying the conditions under which alpha particles are produced.