Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the Law of Multiple Proportions?

Accepted Answer

If two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other are in the ratio of small whole numbers.

Question 2

Which experiment led to the discovery of the electron and its charge-to-mass ratio?

Accepted Answer

Thomson’s cathode ray tube experiment

Question 3

A neutral atom of sulfur has an atomic number of 16 and a mass number of 32. How many neutrons does it contain?

Accepted Answer

$18$

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct empirical formula for a compound with a molecular formula $C_6H_{12}O_6$?

Accepted Answer

$CH_2O$

Question 5

Which of the following elements is a metalloid?

Accepted Answer

Silicon (Si)

Question 6

What is the correct name for $FeCl_3$?

Accepted Answer

Iron(III) chloride

Question 7

Which of the following ions is a polyatomic cation?

Accepted Answer

$NH_4^+$

Question 8

A sample of chlorine contains 75.77% $^{35}Cl$ (mass = 34.97 amu) and 24.23% $^{37}Cl$ (mass = 36.97 amu). What is the atomic mass of chlorine?

Accepted Answer

$35.45$ amu

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between $^{12}C$ and $^{14}C$?

Accepted Answer

They have different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

Which of the following is the correct formula for magnesium nitrate?

Accepted Answer

$Mg(NO_3)_2$

Question 11

Which of the following acids is correctly named?

Accepted Answer

HCl is hydrochloric acid

Question 12

Which property is NOT characteristic of metals?

Accepted Answer

Usually gases at room temperature

Question 13

Which of the following is a diatomic molecule in its natural state?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 14

What is the charge on the sulfate ion?

Accepted Answer

$-2$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the atomic mass of chlorine is not a whole number?

Accepted Answer

It is the average of the masses of its isotopes, weighted by their natural abundance.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct name for $N_2O_5$?

Accepted Answer

Dinitrogen pentoxide

Question 17

Which of the following statements about isotopes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 18

Which group in the periodic table contains the noble gases?

Accepted Answer

Group 8A

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct formula for aluminum sulfate?

Accepted Answer

$Al_2(SO_4)_3$

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the result of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?

Accepted Answer

Most alpha particles passed through, but some were deflected at large angles, indicating a small, dense nucleus.

Atoms, Molecules, and Ions: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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