Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the nuclear model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

All of the positive charge and almost all the mass are concentrated in the nucleus, with electrons surrounding it.

Question 2

A photon of light has a frequency of $$7.0 	imes 10$$^{14}$$\ \mathrm{s}^{-1}. $$What is its wavelength in nanometers? (Speed of light $$c = 3.00 	imes 10^8$\ \mathrm{m/s})$$

Accepted Answer

$$429\ \mathrm{nm}$$

Question 3

Which equation correctly relates the energy of a photon to its frequency?

Accepted Answer

$$E = h
u$$

Question 4

The Rydberg formula for the wavelength of light emitted by a hydrogen atom is given by $$\frac{1}{\lambda} = R_H \left( \frac{1}{n_1$^2} - \frac{1}{n_2$^2} ight). $$What is the wavelength (in nm) of the transition from $$n_2 = 3$ to n_1$ = 2$$? ($$R_H = 1.097 	imes 10^7$\ \mathrm{m}^{-1})$$

Accepted Answer

$$656\ \mathrm{nm}$$

Question 5

Which phenomenon provides evidence for the wave-like nature of light?

Accepted Answer

Diffraction

Question 6

According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The more precisely the position of a particle is known, the less precisely its momentum can be known.

Question 7

Which quantum number determines the shape of an atomic orbital?

Accepted Answer

Orbital angular momentum quantum number $$l$$

Question 8

How many angular and radial nodes are present in an orbital with quantum numbers $$n = 3$$ and $$l = 1$$?

Accepted Answer

1 angular node, 1 radial node

Question 9

Which of the following electron configurations represents the ground state of oxygen (atomic number 8)?

Accepted Answer

$$1s^2$$\ $$2s^2$$\ $$2p^4$$

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the periodic trend in atomic radius is correct?

Accepted Answer

Atomic radius increases down a group and decreases across a period.

Question 11

Which of the following ions is isoelectronic with $$\mathrm{Na}^+$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{F}^-$$

Question 12

Which element would you expect to have the highest first ionization energy?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine

Question 13

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be found in the $$l = 3$$ subshell?

Accepted Answer

14

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why cations are smaller than their parent atoms?

Accepted Answer

Cations have fewer electrons, resulting in less electron-electron repulsion and a greater effective nuclear charge.

Question 15

Which quantum number is associated with the orientation of an orbital in space?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic quantum number $$m_l$$

Question 16

According to Hund’s Rule, how are electrons added to a set of degenerate orbitals in a subshell?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are added singly with parallel spins before pairing occurs.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the Pauli exclusion principle?

Accepted Answer

No more than two electrons may occupy any given orbital, and they must have opposite spins.

Question 18

Which of the following transitions in a hydrogen atom would emit a photon with the highest energy?

Accepted Answer

From $$n = 2 to$$ $$n = 1$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about electron affinity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Electron affinity values become more positive up a group and from left to right across a period.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between absorption and emission spectra?

Accepted Answer

Absorption spectra show dark lines on a continuous background, while emission spectra show bright lines on a dark background.

Atoms, Quantum Theory, and Periodicity: Foundations of General Chemistry

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