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Chapter 13: Solutions – Structure, Properties, and Colligative Effects

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Solutions

Solubility Rules

Intermolecular Forces

Solubility Product Constant: Ksp

Heat Capacity

Enthalpy of Formation

The Colligative Properties

Vapor Pressure Lowering (Raoult's Law)

Freezing Point Depression

Boiling Point Elevation

Osmosis

Osmotic Pressure

Molarity

Molality

Mole Fraction of Solutions

Parts per Million (ppm)