Question 1

Which of the following best explains why NaCl is an ionic compound while sugar (C$$_{12}H$_{22}O$_{11}) is a $$molecular compound?

Accepted Answer

NaCl is formed from a metal and a nonmetal, resulting in electron transfer, while sugar is formed from nonmetals sharing electrons.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons, covalent bonding involves sharing electrons, and metallic bonding involves a 'sea of electrons' around metal nuclei.

Question 3

Which property is most responsible for the high melting point of NaCl compared to HCl?

Accepted Answer

NaCl has strong electrostatic forces between ions due to ionic bonding.

Question 4

Which of the following Lewis symbols is correct for the element oxygen?

Accepted Answer

O with six dots around it, representing six valence electrons.

Question 5

According to the octet rule, how do atoms typically achieve a complete outer shell?

Accepted Answer

By losing, gaining, or sharing electrons to achieve eight valence electrons.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the process of forming NaCl from its elements?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Na (s) + \frac{1}{2} Cl_2$ (g) \rightarrow NaCl (s)}$$ with electron transfer from Na to Cl.

Question 7

Why is the formation of NaCl from Na and Cl$$_2$$ exothermic, even though removing an electron from Na and adding it to Cl requires energy?

Accepted Answer

The release of lattice energy when the crystal forms more than compensates for the energy input.

Question 8

Which of the following is the correct expression for the potential energy between two ions according to Coulomb's law?

Accepted Answer

$$E = \frac{1}{4 \pi \$$varepsilon_0$$} \frac{q_1$ q_2$}{r}$$

Question 9

Which factor has the greatest effect on lattice energy according to Coulomb's law?

Accepted Answer

Charge of the ions

Question 10

Arrange the following ionic compounds in order of increasing lattice energy: NaF, CsI, CaO.

Accepted Answer

CsI \u003c NaF \u003c CaO

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why noble gases are generally unreactive?

Accepted Answer

They have filled outer shells of s and p electrons.

Question 12

Which of the following steps is NOT part of the Born-Haber cycle for the formation of an ionic compound like NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Direct sharing of electrons between Na and Cl atoms.

Question 13

Which of the following trends is observed with lattice energy as the size of the ions increases?

Accepted Answer

Lattice energy decreases as ion size increases.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the relationship between lattice energy and the charges of the ions in an ionic compound?

Accepted Answer

Lattice energy increases as the charges of the ions increase.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct Lewis symbol for the element nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

N with five dots around it, representing five valence electrons.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular forces?

Accepted Answer

Intramolecular forces are within a molecule, while intermolecular forces are between molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the energy required to form NaCl from Na and Cl$$_2 is $$less than the sum of the ionization energy of Na and the electron affinity of Cl?

Accepted Answer

The release of lattice energy during crystal formation compensates for the energy input.

Question 18

Which of the following is a feature of lattice energy?

Accepted Answer

It is always exothermic and generally large.

Chapter 9: Chemical Bonding I – Lewis Theory and Ionic Bonding

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