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Bacterial and Viral Chromosome Structure quiz #1 Flashcards

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Bacterial and Viral Chromosome Structure quiz #1
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  • Viral chromosomes exist in a variety of conformations and can be made up of ________.
    DNA or RNA, which may be single-stranded or double-stranded.
  • What is the typical shape of bacterial chromosomes?
    Bacterial chromosomes are typically circular in shape.
  • Which DNA-binding proteins are important for packaging bacterial DNA?
    HU and H-NS proteins are important for packaging bacterial DNA.
  • How does the complexity of eukaryotic chromosomes compare to bacterial and viral chromosomes?
    Eukaryotic chromosomes are much more complex and are always double-stranded DNA organized into linear structures.
  • Where are repetitive sequences commonly found in bacterial chromosomes?
    Repetitive sequences in bacterial chromosomes are often found in intergenic regions, which are non-transcribed spaces between genes.
  • What is the function of DNA-binding proteins in bacteria and viruses?
    DNA-binding proteins help tightly package the genetic material in bacteria and viruses.
  • What is the role of intergenic regions in bacterial chromosomes?
    Intergenic regions may act as regulatory units affecting gene expression in bacteria.
  • How do the DNA-binding proteins in bacteria compare to those in eukaryotes?
    Bacterial DNA-binding proteins like HU and H-NS are similar in function to eukaryotic histone proteins.
  • What types of genetic elements are found on bacterial and viral chromosomes besides genes?
    Besides genes, bacterial and viral chromosomes contain regulatory areas and repetitive sequences.
  • Why is tight packaging of DNA necessary in bacteria and viruses?
    Tight packaging is necessary because even simple organisms like bacteria and viruses have a lot of DNA that must fit into a small space.
  • Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
    In prokaryotic cells, DNA is located in the cytoplasm, typically within a region called the nucleoid.
  • How is DNA packaged in prokaryotic cells?
    DNA in prokaryotic cells is tightly packaged with the help of DNA-binding proteins such as HU and H-NS, which help compact the circular chromosome within the small cell.
  • What is the structure of bacterial chromosomes?
    Bacterial chromosomes are generally circular and consist primarily of DNA.
  • What is the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells?
    The nucleoid is the region in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells where the DNA is concentrated.
  • How does DNA packaging in bacteria differ from eukaryotes?
    Bacteria use DNA-binding proteins like HU and H-NS to package their DNA, while eukaryotes use histone proteins for DNA packaging.
  • What does 'free-floating DNA' mean in the context of prokaryotic cells?
    'Free-floating DNA' refers to DNA that is not enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus, but instead is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.
  • Where is the majority of DNA found in prokaryotic cells?
    The majority of DNA in prokaryotic cells is found in the nucleoid region of the cytoplasm.
  • What types of genetic material can be found in viruses?
    Viral genetic material can be either DNA or RNA and may be single or double-stranded.
  • What are the main DNA-binding proteins in bacteria involved in DNA packaging?
    The main DNA-binding proteins in bacteria are HU and H-NS.
  • How do repetitive sequences in bacterial chromosomes compare to those in eukaryotes?
    Repetitive sequences in bacterial chromosomes are fewer and smaller than those found in eukaryotic chromosomes.
  • Where are repetitive sequences typically found in bacterial chromosomes?
    Repetitive sequences in bacterial chromosomes are often found in intergenic regions, which are non-transcribed spaces between genes.
  • What is the function of intergenic regions in bacterial chromosomes?
    Intergenic regions in bacterial chromosomes may act as regulatory units affecting gene expression.
  • How is DNA stored in prokaryotic cells?
    DNA in prokaryotic cells is stored as a circular chromosome in the nucleoid region, compacted by DNA-binding proteins.
  • What is the difference between bacterial and eukaryotic chromosome structure?
    Bacterial chromosomes are circular and simpler, while eukaryotic chromosomes are linear, more complex, and always double-stranded DNA.
  • What is the role of DNA-binding proteins in bacteria?
    DNA-binding proteins in bacteria help package and compact the DNA within the cell.
  • What components are found on bacterial chromosomes?
    Bacterial chromosomes contain genes, regulatory areas, and repetitive sequences.
  • How does the location of DNA in prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
    In prokaryotic cells, DNA is found in the cytoplasm (nucleoid region), whereas in eukaryotic cells, DNA is enclosed within a membrane-bound nucleus.