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Proteomics definitions

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  • Proteome
    Complete set of proteins present in a cell, tissue, or organism, varying with environmental conditions and timing.
  • Alternative Splicing
    Process generating multiple protein forms from a single gene by rearranging exons during mRNA maturation.
  • RNA Editing
    Modification of RNA molecules after transcription, resulting in protein diversity beyond direct gene coding.
  • Isoform
    Distinct protein variant produced from the same gene due to alternative splicing or RNA editing.
  • Gel Electrophoresis
    Technique separating proteins based on physical properties like mass or charge using an electric field in a gel matrix.
  • SDS-PAGE
    Form of gel electrophoresis that separates proteins primarily by mass using a detergent to denature them.
  • Isoelectric Focusing
    Method separating proteins by their charge, allowing each to migrate to a position where its net charge is zero.
  • Well
    Small indentation in a gel where protein samples are loaded before separation during electrophoresis.
  • Mass Spectrometry
    Analytical technique identifying proteins by measuring mass and charge, often revealing amino acid sequences.
  • Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    Advanced mass spectrometry method that fragments proteins to determine their amino acid sequence.
  • Protein Microarray
    Platform using immobilized antibodies to detect and analyze proteins and their interactions in a sample.
  • Antibody
    Protein molecule fixed to microarray plates, specifically binding to target proteins for detection.
  • Amino Acid Sequence
    Order of amino acids in a protein, determining its structure and function, often identified by mass spectrometry.
  • Peak
    Signal in mass spectrometry output representing a specific amino acid or protein fragment based on mass and charge.