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The Colligative Properties quiz

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  • What happens to the boiling point of a solvent when a solute is added?
    The boiling point increases as more solute is added to the solvent.
  • How does the freezing point of a solvent change when solute is added?
    The freezing point decreases as more solute is added to the solvent.
  • What is vapor pressure in the context of colligative properties?
    Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a gas at the surface of a liquid at equilibrium.
  • What effect does adding solute have on the vapor pressure of a solvent?
    Adding solute decreases the vapor pressure of the solvent.
  • What is osmotic pressure?
    Osmotic pressure is the force that drives osmosis, moving water from low to high solute concentration.
  • How does osmotic pressure change as more solute is added to a solvent?
    Osmotic pressure increases as more solute is added to the solvent.
  • What is the van't Hoff factor (I)?
    The van't Hoff factor (I) is the number of ions produced when a soluble solute dissolves.
  • What is the van't Hoff factor for covalent compounds?
    Covalent compounds do not dissociate into ions, so their van't Hoff factor (I) is always 1.
  • How many ions does sodium hydroxide produce when dissolved, and what is its van't Hoff factor?
    Sodium hydroxide produces 2 ions (Na+ and OH−), so its van't Hoff factor (I) is 2.
  • What is the van't Hoff factor for ammonium carbonate?
    Ammonium carbonate produces 3 ions (2 ammonium and 1 carbonate), so its van't Hoff factor (I) is 3.
  • How many ions does aluminum sulfate produce when dissolved, and what is its van't Hoff factor?
    Aluminum sulfate produces 5 ions (2 aluminum and 3 sulfate), so its van't Hoff factor (I) is 5.
  • What types of compounds are non-volatile and non-electrolytes?
    Covalent compounds are non-volatile and non-electrolytes, meaning they do not break up into ions.
  • How does the amount of solute added affect colligative properties?
    More solute leads to higher boiling points and osmotic pressure, and lower freezing points and vapor pressures.
  • How is osmolarity calculated?
    Osmolarity is calculated as the van't Hoff factor (I) times the molarity of the compound.
  • How is osmolality calculated?
    Osmolality is calculated as the van't Hoff factor (I) times the molality of the compound.